Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 586(7828), P. 217 - 227

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Language: Английский

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A rapid spread of the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak in the Mexican Caribbean

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7, P. e8069 - e8069

Published: Nov. 26, 2019

Caribbean reef corals have experienced unprecedented declines from climate change, anthropogenic stressors and infectious diseases in recent decades. Since 2014, a highly lethal, new disease, called stony coral tissue loss has impacted many reef-coral species Florida. During the summer of 2018, we noticed an anomalously high disease prevalence affecting different northern portion Mexican Caribbean. We assessed severity this outbreak 2018/2019 using AGRRA protocol to survey 82 sites across Then, subset 14 sites, detailed information before (2016/2017) explore consequences on condition composition communities. Our findings show that already spread entire region by similar (with patterns) those previously described for However, observed great variability mortality was not attributable any geographical gradient. Using long-term data, determined there is no evidence such anywhere which suggests afflicted within few months. The analysis contained pre-outbreak showed event considerably increased severely changed structure communities region. Given lethality number susceptible species, encourage researchers, managers stakeholders Western Atlantic accord it highest priority near future.

Language: Английский

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Land Use Impacts on Coral Reef Health: A Ridge-to-Reef Perspective

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Sept. 18, 2019

Over 60% of the world's reefs experience damage from local activities such as overfishing, coastal development, and watershed pollution. Land-based sources pollution are a critical threat to coral reefs, understanding "ridge-to-reef" changes is critically needed improve management survival in Anthropocene. We review existing literature on spatial-ecological connections between land use health, specifically examining vegetative, agricultural, urban, other land-use types. In general, forested positively related metrics condition, while anthropogenic uses like urban development agriculture drive decline cover, diversity, colony size, structural complexity. However, land-cover impacts vary across time space, small portions landscape (e.g., discrete segments unpaved roads, grazed scalded hillsides) may have an outsized effect reef pollution, presenting opportunities for targeted conservation. Some species show resilience under change, impact recovery bleaching remains active area research. Finally, spatial bibliography reveals that most ridge-to-reef studies focus handful regional hotspots, surface water, watershed-scale dynamics; more research address groundwater connectivity compare multiple regions scales. Approaches ecology assess patterns of, synergies between, interlocking cover assist conservation managers designing resilient reefscapes.

Language: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease decimated Caribbean coral populations and reshaped reef functionality

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: June 9, 2022

Diseases are major drivers of the deterioration coral reefs and linked to declines in abundance, reef functionality, reef-related ecosystems services. An outbreak a new disease is currently rampaging through populations remaining reef-building corals across Caribbean region. The was first reported Florida 2014 reached northern Mesoamerican Reef by summer 2018, where it spread ~450-km system only few months. Rapid generalized all sites mortality rates ranged from 94% <10% among 21 afflicted species. Most species family Meandrinadae (maze corals) subfamily Faviinae (brain sustained losses >50%. This single event further modified communities region increasing relative dominance weedy reducing both terms functional diversity calcium carbonate production. emergent likely become most lethal disturbance ever recorded Caribbean, will result onset regime key complex branching acroporids, an apparently unaffected genus that underwent severe population decades ago retained low levels, once again conspicuous structural features systems with yet even lower levels physical functionality.

Language: Английский

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A global map of human pressures on tropical coral reefs

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 28, 2021

Abstract As human activities on the world's oceans intensify, mapping pressure is essential to develop appropriate conservation strategies and prioritize investments with limited resources. Here, we map six (nonclimatic) pressures coral reefs using latest quantitative data fishing, water pollution (nitrogen sediments), coastal population, industrial development, tourism. Using a percentile approach rank different stressors, identify top‐ranked local estimate cumulative index for 54,596 global reef pixels at 0.05° (∼5 km) resolution. We find that are exposed multiple intense pressures: fishing (nutrients sediments) most common worldwide (in 30.8% 32.3% of cells, respectively), although each was ranked as top in some locations. also similar inside outside proposed portfolio climate refugia, suggesting even potential refugia have high levels require effective management. Our findings datasets provide best available information can ensure effectively managed across reefs.

Language: Английский

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Climate change-related risks and adaptation potential in Central and South America during the 21st century

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 033002 - 033002

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Abstract Climate-related risks in Central and South America have received increased attention concern science policy, but an up-to-date comprehensive review synthesis of adaptation potential is currently missing. For this paper we evaluated over 200 peer-reviewed articles grey literature documents published since 2012. We found that climate change during the 21st century may increase risk to severe levels for following topical clusters: (a) Food insecurity; (b) Floods landslides; (c) Water scarcity; (d) Epidemics vector-borne diseases; (e) Amazon Forest biome shift; (f). Coral bleaching; (g) Coastal sea level rise, storm surges erosion; (h) Systemic failure due cascading impacts hazards epidemics. Our also identified feasible measures each risk. The will be heterogeneous throughout region, with rural communities, Indigenous peoples, Afro-Latin Americans, women, disabled people, migrants as being most severely affected. refer a number options However, unabated together low adaptive capacity strictly limit options. Immediate strengthening policies building research on risk-adaptation nexus are paramount. findings might contribute guide adjustment emphasis management strategies from local national level.

Language: Английский

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Coral reef systems of the Mexican Caribbean: Status, recent trends and conservation

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 616 - 625

Published: July 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Recovery disparity between coral cover and the physical functionality of reefs with impaired coral assemblages

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 640 - 651

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Abstract The ecology and structure of many tropical coral reefs have been markedly altered over the past few decades. Although long‐term recovery has observed in terms cover, it is not clear how novel species configurations shape reef functionality impaired reefs. identities life‐history strategies corals that recover are essential for understanding functional dynamics. We used a identity approach to quantify physical outcomes 13 year period across 56 sites Mexican Caribbean. This region was affected by multiple stressors converged drastically damaged early 2000s. Since then, shown evidence modest cover. Bayesian linear models annual rates change estimate temporal changes Moreover, diversity framework explore composition traits those assemblages. Between 2005 2018, increased at lower rate compared disparity between depended on (mainly non‐framework foliose‐digitate corals). No dominance or trait were observed, whereas building consistently dominated most cover potential may provide some ecological benefits, effects frameworks remain unclear, as key reef‐building observed. Our findings likely be representative wider Caribbean basin, declines rapid increases relative abundance weedy reported regionally. A assess turnover needed understand

Language: Английский

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Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in corals, surrounding sediments and surface water at the Dazhou Island, China

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 218, P. 157 - 168

Published: Nov. 16, 2018

Language: Английский

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Functional consequences of the long-term decline of reef-building corals in the Caribbean: evidence of across-reef functional convergence

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 190298 - 190298

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Functional integrity on coral reefs is strongly dependent upon cover and carbonate production rate being sufficient to maintain three-dimensional reef structures. Increasing environmental anthropogenic pressures in recent decades have reduced the of key reef-building species, producing a shift towards relative dominance more stress-tolerant taxa leading reduction physical functional integrity. Understanding how changes community composition influence potential their functioning priority for conservation management. Here, we evaluate communities changed northern sector Mexican Caribbean between 1985 2016, implications maintenance functions back- fore-reef zones. We used species explore four morpho-functional groups, composition, calcification, index budget. Over period 31 years, ecological homogenization occurred two zones mostly due framework-building branching (Acropora spp.) foliose-digitiform (Porites porites Agaricia tenuifolia) back-reef, increase non-framework (Agaricia agaricites Porites astreoides). This resulted significant decrease functionality back-reef zone. At present, both negative budgets, thus limited capacity sustain accretion, compromising existing structure its future provide habitat services.

Language: Английский

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