International environmental policy processes that dispossessed developing societies of public land resources: A case study of Nepal DOI Creative Commons
Bhubaneswor Dhakal, Kedar Adhikari,

Narendra Chand

et al.

GeoJournal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88(6), P. 5677 - 5719

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Abstract Public lands including forests and community pastures are still crucial means of local livelihood, social security, environmental conservation in many developing countries Nepal. However, these resources increasingly managed primarily to offset greenhouse gas emissions developed countries. The new management has exacerbated problems: livelihood constriction, crises, human casualties (deaths serious injuries), biodiversity degradation, water scarcity cryosphere retreating. Drawing data from multiple sources, this study attempted explain the international political objectives processes that dispossessed societies public land for benefit It shows representatives were proactively strategically involved agenda formation, solutions negotiations, decision-making while policies, succeeded structure policies managing best their own provided funds experts, as strategic tools, through aid agencies implement interest institutionally weak In Nepal, influenced thinking decisions government other stakeholders a series measures. They propagandized false worked with coalition powerful agencies, offered free technical support, changed national manage achieving missions. Active involvement policy implementation also helped monitor hurdles apply tactics resolve them. Lucrative flash incentives motivate get support communities, stakeholders, politicians policies. Psychosocial pressures applied persuade communities leaders getting cooperation making practicing legal institutions (government authority rules or orders, user group rules, forest plans) bind control protection. obliged contribute labor cash developing, modifying, protecting forests. These two levels interventions led further development reinforcing institutions, resource conditions, social-ecological systems secured benefits deprived power control, produce access backyard years. This showed have respectively served institutional weapons vehicles materially colonize weaker countries, without using physical coercion deplyment military forces.

Language: Английский

Perennial snow and ice cover change from 2001 to 2021 in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region derived from the Landsat analysis-ready data DOI Creative Commons
Ahmad Khan, Peter Potapov, Matthew C. Hansen

et al.

Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 101192 - 101192

Published: March 22, 2024

The changing climate directly affects spatial and temporal patterns of snow ice cover globally in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. In HKH, around 3.3 billion people across 11 countries depend on water originating from mountain glaciers snowfields, melting has a direct impact their livelihood well-being. Various studies have shown that HKH is declining at an alarming rate but been limited geographic, scales. Here, we employed Global Land Analysis Discovery analysis ready Landsat time-series data (GLAD ARD) to map changes perennial between 2001 2021 five-year epochs using decision tree ensemble models. These maps were used create stratified sampling design for reference collection estimate area accuracy. All epoch user's accuracies above 90% producer's 91%. Our sample showed one-eighth extent totalling 15,770 km2 (CI ± 3195 km2), disappeared over last two decades with 105,935 3396 km2) remaining 2021. From map-based estimates, largest decline among ranges was found Himalayas estimated reduction 5741 km2. Among countries, China had 10,654 km2, Nepal highest net (31%). river basins, maximum loss Indus (24.8%), followed by Brahmaputra (18.3%), Tarim (15.7%). results confirm wide-spread region provide both regionally consistent derived estimates landform, national basin-levels methodology continue monitoring melt.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Community and Institutional Drivers of Deforestation, Environmental Impacts, and Extension Interventions for Forest Management in the Hindu Kush Himalaya DOI Creative Commons
Ayat Ullah

Land Degradation and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 23, 2025

ABSTRACT Deforestation in Pakistan's mountainous regions, particularly the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), presents significant environmental, social, and economic challenges. Despite various control measures, deforestation persists due to institutional weaknesses community pressures. This paper explores drivers of deforestation, its environmental impacts, extension interventions. Focus group discussions (FGDs) with members from 10 HKH villages provided diverse perspectives. Findings revealed that results failures, such as ineffective enforcement regulations, deficient services, corruption, along factors like elite capture, political patronage offenders, dependence on livestock, communal forest distribution, limited job opportunities for youth. has led ecological deterioration, including climate change, water scarcity, heightened flood risks. inadequacy system, it plays a vital role promoting sustainable management by overcoming resistance restoration programs encouraging participation decision‐making. Policy recommendations focus strengthening services effective conservation, providing agents necessary physical resources, staff, vehicles, office facilities, training enhance their operational capacity.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Nature-based solutions in Hindu Kush Himalayas: IUCN global standard based synthesis DOI Creative Commons

Divya Mehta,

Rajiv Pandey, Ajay Gupta

et al.

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 110875 - 110875

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Himalayan countries face many ecological challenges, including biodiversity loss and the threats of climate change. In response, these are implementing Nature-based Solution to minimize challenges promote sustainable development. this article we analyze NbS programs implemented across region assess limitations using IUCN standard criteria adherence for selected articles. We perform a systematic review articles PRISMA methodology, through Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate databases followed by screening Rayyan web interface. Articles were screened out based on location lack human well-being outcomes intervention. Solutions in Himalayas primarily use management approach (35.29%), restoration (23.53%), conservation (11.76%), holistic eco-DRR (11.76%) green infrastructure (5.88%) address societal climatic challenges. Institutional execution was 29.41% more common compared implementation community or farmer groups. Pineapple agroforestry (83.04%), forest (78.57%), spring water storage (86.61%), groundwater recharge (82.14%), bio-fertilizer pesticides (77.68%), watershed community-based DRR (81.25%), harvest medicinal plants (77.68%) wetland adhere criteria. addition, some interventions adequately meet criteria, such as ice stupas (72.32%), plantation (73.21%), eco-safe roads (65.18), blue-green (68.75%), traditional knowledge (72.32%). Our evaluation noted that can be improved precise planning design before implementation, engaging multiple stakeholders, comparing alternative solutions, periodic monitoring impacts environment society. This study shows contributing risk management. Tackling limitation present review, mainly exclusion research not addressing well-being, will yield actions

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Changing discourses in the third pole: A systematic review of climate change impact on biodiversity in the Hindu Kush Himalaya DOI Creative Commons
Nakul Chettri, Biraj Adhikari, Sunita Chaudhary

et al.

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 111046 - 111046

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Climate change has emerged as one of the major threats to biodiversity and Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is facing challenges due a higher rate elevation dependent warming erratic rainfall. The rich bounty ecosystem services provided by this ‘water tower’ ‘Third Pole’ are under risk. Though there scattered sectoral knowledge available, comprehensive understanding on climate its impact lacking in HKH. To fill gap, systematic literature review using search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis (SALSA) was undertaken look at temporal spatial trends research focusing impacts services. increasing trend evolution from multidisciplinarity approach with focus suggested strong influence regional priority global discourse. There clear pattern biophysical environmental focused early phase 1990s societal concerns highlighting vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation measures later phases. also revealed an multidisciplinary, networking bringing innovative tools linking biodiversity. However, showed greater Tibetan plateau alpine decreasing interest forest ecosystems, very negligible wetlands. Studies assessments but relatively low rate. Better representation investments based vulnerable underrepresented countries collaborative emerging areas such restoration larger scale nature-based solutions could contribute resilience

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Conservation Challenges and Adaptation Strategies for Indian Himalayan Biodiversity in a Changing Climate DOI
Tridipa Biswas,

Sivaranjani Subramanian,

Rajashekhar Niyogi

et al.

Environmental science and engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 179 - 224

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Where the Wild Things Are: Identifying the Factors Behind and Mitigation Measures for Biodiversity Conservation Crisis in Himalayas DOI

Chandranshu Tiwari,

Mala Rani

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Spatiotemporal range dynamics and conservation optimization for endangered medicinal plants in the Himalaya DOI Creative Commons

F Liu,

Winnie W. Mambo,

Jie Liu

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03390 - e03390

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Subnational biodiversity reporting metrics for mountain ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Amina Ly, Jonas Geschke, Mark A. Snethlage

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1547 - 1551

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Abstract Biodiversity indicators are used to assess progress towards conservation and sustainability goals. However, the spatial scales, methods assumptions of underlying reporting metrics can affect provided information. Using mountain ecosystems as an example, we compare biodiversity protection at subnational scale using site-based approach 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG indicator 15.4.1) with area-based compatible targets Kunming–Montreal Global Framework.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Granger Causality Analysis of Global Warming and Precipitation on Vegetation in the Himalayan Region DOI
Tulsi Paudel, Thakur Dhakal

Published: April 14, 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between global land surface temperature (GTemp), precipitation (Preci), and vegetation (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) in vulnerable Himalayan region utilizing a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) based Granger causality test applying to monthly data obtained from NASA NOAA April 2013 December 2021. Findings reveal that NDVI variations are not caused by GTemp but significantly (p-value < 0.05) Preci. However, integrated effect of Preci has causal on NDVI. Furthermore, exhibited bidirectional with NDVI, emphasizing mutual influence patterns dynamics. provides essential insights for scholars planners aiding climate change biodiversity management aligning sustainable development goals fragile ecosystem.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Safeguarding the Third Pole: problems, challenges, and possible solutions in the Hindu Kush Himalaya DOI
Sunita Chaudhary, Santosh Nepal, Abid Hussain

et al.

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 271 - 280

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1