Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

Clinical Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 95(4), P. 531 - 541

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

The increased global prevalence of obesity over the last 40-years has driven a rise in obesity-related co-morbidities, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On background genetic susceptibility, PCOS often becomes clinically manifest following weight gain, commonly during adolescence. A common endocrinopathy affecting between 6%-10% reproductive-age women, presents with cardinal features hyperandrogenism, reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. associates insulin resistance, independently (but amplified by) obesity. Insulin resistance is characterized by abnormal post-receptor signalling within phosphatidylinositol-kinase (PI3-K) pathway. Multiple factors (including most notably, gain) contribute towards severity PCOS. Compensatory hyperinsulinaemia ensues, resulting over-stimulation (intact) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K) pathway, consequent implications for steroidogenesis ovarian function. In this concise review, we explore effects gain on pathogenesis from perspective its three dysfunction, focus central mediating role We also consider key lifestyle strategies effective management obese overweight women

Language: Английский

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Circadian rhythms in neurodegenerative disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 7 - 24

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 3934 - 3934

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, many other conditions, combined with COVID-19 pandemic, led to greater awareness of melatonin because its ability act potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between vitamin D in depth breadth their impact on health. Both hormones, affect systems through immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, found skin, responsive sunlight darkness. In fact, there may be widespread concern about deficiency “sunlight deficiency” reduced secretion result “darkness from overexposure artificial blue light. The trend toward use supplements resulted safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, application certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims evaluate recent data melatonin’s mechanisms, clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, thorough summary therapeutic considerations concerning supplementation, including different formats available (animal, synthetic, phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, nutrient combinations.

Language: Английский

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Light Signaling and Myopia Development: A Review

Ophthalmology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 939 - 957

Published: March 11, 2022

The aim of this article was to comprehensively review the relationship between light exposure and myopia with a focus on effects wavelength, illuminance, contrast occurrence progression myopia. This performed by searching PubMed data sets including research articles reviews utilizing terms "light", "myopia", "refractive error", "illuminance", concluded in November 2021. Myopia onset were closely linked emmetropization hyperopia. To better elucidate mechanism myopia, some that focused topic included. is based previously conducted studies does not contain any new human participants or animals authors. pathogenesis prevention are completely clear. Studies have provided evidence supporting idea could affect eye growth three ways. Changing corresponding conditions will cause changes rate mode eyes, preliminary results shown FR/NIR (far red/near-infrared) effective for juveniles. discusses aims providing clues theoretical basis use control development offering ideas subsequent studies.

Language: Английский

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Myopia and sleep in children—a systematic review

SLEEP, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(11)

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Worldwide, approximately one in three people are myopic or short-sighted. Myopia children is of particular concern as younger onset age implies a higher risk progression, and consequently greater developing vision-threatening complications. The importance sleep children’s health has long been acknowledged, but evidence for its role childhood myopia fairly new mixed results were presented across studies. To facilitate better understanding this relationship, broad literature search, up to including October 31, 2022, was performed using databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus). Seventeen studies included the review, covering four main aspects sleep, namely duration, quality, timing, efficiency, their associations with children. present review discussed these studies, revealed potential limitations methodologies, identified gaps that need be addressed future. also acknowledges current insufficient, far from being fully understood. Future primarily, objectively, accurately assess myopia, taking other characteristics beyond duration into consideration, more diverse sample terms age, ethnicity, cultural/environmental background, control confounders such light exposure education load much needed. Although research required, management should holistic approach inclusion hygiene targeting parents ought encouraged.

Language: Английский

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The role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 103202 - 103202

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sleeping late is a risk factor for myopia development amongst school-aged children in China

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

Myopia, a leading cause of distance vision impairment, is projected to affect half the world's population in 30 years. We analysed relationship between certain demographic, environmental, and behavioural factors myopia from 2-year school-based, prospective trial conducted Shanghai, China. This enrolled 6295 school-aged children at baseline followed them up for 24 months. The abovementioned was examined role sleep childhood development highlighted. Our results suggest that 'sleeping late' risk factor prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, p 0.04), incidence 1.44, 0.02) progression over months (p 0.005), after adjusting residency area, age, gender, duration, time spent outdoors. identification consistency with late sleepers being susceptible group both onset suggests complex circadian rhythm, indoor environment, habitual activities progression. These can offer new insights future aetiology studies as well aid decision-making prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-Measurement Methods and the Factors Modifying the Results. A Systematic Review of the Literature

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1916 - 1916

Published: March 15, 2020

Melatonin plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and adaptation to environmental changes. Concentration measurements bioliquids such as serum/plasma, saliva urine are widely used assess peripheral rhythm. The aim of study was compare methods conditions determinations carried out with identification factors potentially affecting obtained. We have identified a group modifiable unmodifiable that facilitate data interpretation. Knowledge modifiers allows you carefully plan test protocol then results. There is no one universal sampling standard, because choice method biofluid depends on purpose research group.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and pharmacological perspectives of melatonin

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 128(5), P. 1346 - 1367

Published: June 10, 2020

The pineal gland is a interface between light-dark cycle and shows neuro-endocrine functions. Melatonin the primary hormone of gland, secreted at night. night-time melatonin peak regulates physiological functions dark. has several unique features as it synchronises internal rhythm with daily seasonal variations, circadian sleep-wake cycle. Physiologically involves in detoxification free radicals, immune functions, neuro-protection, oncostatic effects, cardiovascular reproduction, foetal development. precise are exhibited by specific receptors. In relation to pathophysiology, impaired secretion promotes sleep disorder, cancer progression, type-2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Several reports have highlighted therapeutic benefits specially related protection, psychiatric disorders, jet lag problems. This review will touch most area melatonin-oriented health impacts its aspects.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Reverses the Warburg-Type Metabolism and Reduces Mitochondrial Membrane Potential of Ovarian Cancer Cells Independent of MT1 Receptor Activation

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(14), P. 4350 - 4350

Published: July 7, 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and melatonin has shown various antitumor properties. Herein, we investigated influence of therapy on energy metabolism mitochondrial integrity in SKOV-3 cells tested whether its effects depended MT1 receptor activation. were exposed to different concentrations, experimental groups divided as presence receptors (melatonin groups) or absence by RNAi silencing (siRNA MT1+melatonin). Intracellular levels increased after treatment with independent MT1. The membrane potential decreased group treated highest concentration. Melatonin reduced cellular glucose consumption, while knockdown consumption. Interconversion lactate pyruvate was remarkable siRNA groups. Moreover, dehydrogenase activity at all concentrations. UCSC XenaBrowser tool showed a positive correlation between human ASMTL gene ATP synthase genes, succinate (SDHD), genes (PDHA PDHB). We conclude that changes glycolytic phenotype receptor, thus decreasing survival advantage OC cells.

Language: Английский

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