Achieving conservation outcomes in plant mitigation translocations: the need for global standards

Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 224(9), P. 745 - 763

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Many countries have legislation intended to limit or offset the impact of anthropogenic disturbance and development on threatened plants. Translocations are often integral those mitigation policies. When translocation is used exclusively mitigate impacts, it termed a ‘mitigation translocation.’ However, both terminology processes vary regarding interpretation application, resulting in inconsistent standards, leading poorly planned implemented projects. These projects rarely achieve ‘no net loss’ protected species due issues with timelines procedures that result mortality translocated individuals. Instead, such process driven, focused meeting legislative requirements which enable proceed, rather than meaningful attempts minimise ecological developments demonstrate conservation outcomes. Here, we propose reframe translocations as ensuring best practice implementation hence, quantified no loss for impacted species. methods include redefining term objectives outlining associated worldwide. We also nominate global standards all proposals should adhere, ensure each project follows trajectory towards success, genuine mitigation. proposed focus building efficient plans improving governance facilitate transition from centred ecology-driven translocation. Employment these relevant proponents, government regulators, researchers, practitioners will increase likelihood gains within sector.

Language: Английский

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How Can Genomics Help or Hinder Wildlife Conservation?

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 45 - 68

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

Genomic data are becoming increasingly affordable and easy to collect, new tools for their analysis appearing rapidly. Conservation biologists interested in using this information assist management planning but typically limited financially by the lack of genomic resources available non-model taxa. It is therefore important be aware pitfalls as well benefits applying approaches. Here, we highlight recent methods aimed at standardizing population assessments genetic variation, inbreeding, forms load that help identify past ongoing patterns interchange between populations, including those subjected disturbance. We emphasize challenges some these need adequate bioinformatic support. also consider promises approaches understand adaptive changes natural populations predict future capacity.

Language: Английский

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Conserving Evolutionary Potential: Combining Landscape Genomics with Established Methods to Inform Plant Conservation

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. 707 - 736

Published: April 10, 2024

Biodiversity conservation requires conserving evolutionary potential-the capacity for wild populations to adapt. Understanding genetic diversity and dynamics is critical informing decisions that enhance adaptability persistence under environmental change. We review how emerging landscape genomic methods provide plant programs with insights into dynamics, including local adaptation its drivers. Landscape approaches explore relationships between variation environments complement rather than replace established population common garden assessing adaptive phenotypic variation, structure, gene flow, demography. Collectively, these inform actions, rescue, maladaptation prediction, assisted flow. The greatest on-the-ground impacts from such studies will be realized when practitioners are actively engaged in research monitoring. the shaping of species an uncertain future.

Language: Английский

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Landscape Genomics for Wildlife Research

Population genomics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 145 - 184

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Guidelines for genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2020

Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, not devoid genetic risks, such as poor adaptation transplants and outbreeding depression the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences terms demographic growth fitness. Hence, follow-up monitoring should evaluate whether translocated populations are self-sustaining short long term. The causes failure adjust management responses also need be identified. Molecular markers fitness-related quantitative traits can used determine enhanced diversity, increased fitness, improved probability long-term survival. We devised guidelines illustrated them with studies from literature help practitioners appropriate survey methods so that practices better integrate evolutionary processes. These include sampling assessing changes diversity differentiation, contemporary flow, mode local recruitment, admixture level, effects rescue, inbreeding or on changes.Directrices para el Monitoreo Genético de Poblaciones Plantas Translocadas Resumen La translocación plantas es una herramienta útil implementar flujo génico asistido en los planes recuperación especies peligro crítico. Aunque ayuda restaurar poblaciones genéticamente viables, no está exento riesgos genéticos, como la baja adaptación trasplantes y depresión por exogamia progenie híbrida, que pueden tener consecuencias negativas términos crecimiento demográfico adaptabilidad las plantas. Por tanto, un monitoreo genético seguimiento debería evaluar si translocadas son viables autosustentables corto largo plazos. Las causas del fracaso al ajustar respuestas manejo también deben ser identificadas. Se utilizar marcadores moleculares atributos relacionados con determinar aumentó diversidad genética, incrementó mejoró probabilidad supervivencia plazo. Diseñamos directrices ilustramos estudios literatura ayudar practicantes determinen métodos adecuados prácticas integren procesos evolutivos mejor manera. Estas incluyen muestrear cambios diferenciación genética; contemporáneo; forma reclutamiento local; nivel mezcla; efectos rescate genético, endogamia o sobre genéticos

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Incorporating differences between genetic diversity of trees and herbaceous plants in conservation strategies

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 1142 - 1151

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Abstract Reviews that summarize the genetic diversity of plant species in relation to their life history and ecological traits show forest trees have more at population levels than annuals or herbaceous perennials. In addition, among‐population differentiation is significantly lower most perennials annuals. Possible reasons for these differences between not been discussed critically. Several traits, such as high rates outcrossing, long‐distance pollen seed dispersal, large effective sizes ( N e ), arborescent stature, low density, longevity, overlapping generations, occurrence late successional communities, may make less sensitive bottlenecks resistant habitat fragmentation climate change. We recommend guidelines conservation strategies be designed differently tree versus other types species. Because fit an LH scenario (low [L] [H] diversity), seeds could sourced from a few populations distributed across species’ range. For situ trees, translocation viable option increase . contrast, rare understory are frequently HL (high diversity) Under scenario, should taken many with diversity. efforts plants focus on protecting habitats because typically small vulnerable loss The robust allozyme databases used develop lacking information. As case study reforestation several denuded areas Korean Peninsula, we selection local genotypes suitable sources prevent adverse effects insure successful restoration long term.

Language: Английский

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Genetic monitoring of translocated plant populations in practice

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(21), P. 4040 - 4058

Published: July 12, 2020

Plant translocations allow the restoration of genetic diversity in inbred and depauperate populations help to prevent extinction critically endangered species. However, successes plant restoring genetically viable possible associated key factors are still insufficiently evaluated. To fill this gap, we carried out a thorough monitoring three Arnica montana that were created or reinforced by translocation plants obtained from seeds two large natural source southern Belgium. We genotyped nine microsatellite markers measured fitness quantitative traits over generations (transplants, F1 seed progeny newly established juveniles). Two years after translocation, had been effective, with high low differentiation across generations, extensive contemporary pollen flow, admixture between sources generation recruitment new individuals seeds. detected site, maternal effects on fitness. The results also suggest phenotypic plasticity may favour short-term individual survival long-term adaptive capacity enhance evolutionary resilience changing environmental conditions. found no sign heterosis outbreeding depression at early life stages generation. Our findings emphasize importance design (700 transplants mixed sources, planted density) as well preparatory site management for successful outcome translocations, which maximized flowering, random mating, first translocation.

Language: Английский

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The importance of genetic diversity for the translocation of eight threatened plant species into the wild

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24, P. e01240 - e01240

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Considering ongoing biodiversity losses, translocations of threatened plant species into the wild has become a common conservation technique although they are considered laborious, expensive and rarely successful. It is broadly accepted that choice suitable translocation sites many individuals increase their success. Moreover, high genetic diversity among introduced plants suggested to be important but been assessed for populations species. Here, we tested whether higher generally increases early establishment after translocation. We translocated plantlets eight rare Switzerland at one apparently site per planted 40 312 two levels diversity, monoculture plots with offspring single seed families species, mixture several In stages, had survival than only family, however, positive effect disappeared time. Our study suggests least short-term Translocations should therefore always aim maximise in founder populations. Experimental approaches as present here tools realise long-term experiments needed enhance our understanding underlying factors responsible success or failure recommend close collaborations between experimental ecologists, field botanists practitioners future

Language: Английский

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Inferring genetic structure when there is little: population genetics versus genomics of the threatened bat Miniopterus schreibersii across Europe

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Abstract Despite their paramount importance in molecular ecology and conservation, genetic diversity structure remain challenging to quantify with traditional genotyping methods. Next-generation sequencing holds great promises, but this has not been properly tested highly mobile species. In article, we compared microsatellite RAD-sequencing (RAD-seq) analyses investigate population the declining bent-winged bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ) across Europe. Both markers retrieved general patterns of weak range-wide differentiation, little sex-biased dispersal, strong isolation by distance that associated significant between three Mediterranean Peninsulas, which could have acted as glacial refugia. Microsatellites proved uninformative individual-based analyses, resolution offered genomic SNPs illuminated on regional substructures within several countries, colonies sharing migrators distinct ancestry without admixture. This finding is consistent a marked philopatry spatial partitioning mating rearing grounds species, was suspected from marked-recaptured data. Our study advocates data are necessary unveil footprints left biogeographic processes social organization long-distant flyers, otherwise rapidly blurred high levels gene flow.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity and structure of Ammopiptanthus nanus, an endangered shrub endemic to the western Tianshan Mountains

Current Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100436 - 100436

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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