Genetic differentiation, demographic history and distribution models of high alpine endemic vicariants outline the response of species to predicted climate changes in a Central Asian biodiversity hotspot

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 109419 - 109419

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Understanding species distribution, genetic diversification and evolutionary history is extremely important for mountainous regions with a high diversity of endemic species, which are particularly sensitive to climate change. In this study, we use environmental molecular data obtained from genome-wide analyses infer the variability, demographic processes, response cold-adapted, geographical-vicariants Stipa gracilis (distributed in Tian Shan Mts) S. zeravshanica western Pamir-Alai Quaternary climatic oscillations Central Asian mountain biodiversity hotspot. Genomic-based reconstructions indicate that examined endemics presented larger effective population sizes during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period experienced parallel declines afterward. The results fastSTRUCTURE analysis revealed three clusters within populations two zeravshanica. past distribution models reveals glacial connectivity both resulting detection an admixture genes specimens westernmost 'Alaian' gracilis. Although occurrence closely associated calcareous rocks, differences ranges distributions depend mostly on factors, especially temperature precipitation. wider realized ecological niche allows it better adapt global warming potentially extend its range future, while zeravshanica, narrower niche, more susceptible changes at risk extinction. findings will contribute understanding factors shaping differentiation provide theoretical basis their conservation by identifying areas change hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Isolation has led to reduced genetic diversity among populations of an endangered mountain specialist

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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The grassy ecosystems of Madagascar in context: Ecology, evolution, and conservation

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 94 - 115

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Societal Impact Statement Madagascar is famous for its unique forests and their fauna. Most of the island covered by flammable grassy ecosystems long considered to be human origin threatening remaining forests. Yet new studies show that many plants animals systems are restricted these open habitats. Open have markedly different management requirements from bring contributions society. We argue can benefit if understood managed wisely using expanded knowledge bases also include collaboration with locals. Summary Until recently, nearly all research interests in focused on forested To help place Madagascar's context, we provide a summary origin, development, evolution tropical, C4 elsewhere, especially those Africa; summarize similarities differences distribution C3 grasses Malagasy landscape, plant traits, inferences evolutionary legacy grasses. discuss animal communities use coevolved systems; resolve controversies over pre‐settlement extent ecosystems, suggest variety complementary geochemical, palaeobotanical, molecular genetic tools been effectively used elsewhere untangle forest/grassy ecosystem mosaics ecological processes influence them. Many should employed fully understand spatio‐temporal dynamics open, grassy, closed forest across island; as regards conservation, services provided systems, which too often ignored general, not only biome, vis‐à‐vis forests, but global importance carbon sink role they play water providing goods local villagers. conclude outlining necessary better manage without endangered ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary response of cold‐adapted chasmophytic plants to Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Mountains of Central Asia (a world hotspot of biodiversity)

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 1458 - 1477

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Abstract Aim Past climatic oscillations are the main driving force of evolutionary changes in alpine species. Species' response to paleoclimatic is crucial forecasting their future face climate warming. The aim this research explore effect fluctuations on history, demography, and distribution high‐mountain bellflowers ( Campanula lehmanniana complex), flagship taxonomically problematic members chasmophytic vegetation within an underexplored biodiversity hotspot, Mountains Central Asia. Location Asia (Tian Shan, Alai Zeravshan‐Hissar Mountains). Methods We used molecular data (ITS, cpDNA, DArTseq‐based SNPs) 262 individuals (70 for phylogeny reconstruction, 247 from 31 localities population studies). analysed using phylogenetic clock reconstructions, coalescent simulations, ecological niche modelling. Results Tertiary isolation between Tian‐Shanian Pamir‐Alaian populations led differentiation two lineages (~5–6 Mya) corresponding C. eugeniae , whereas further Quaternary into subregions intraspecific genetic differentiation, which starts almost simultaneously both species (~2.7–1.5 Mya). relatively small admixture among indicates rare historic events connectivity. In Holocene warming, experienced a substantial decline effective size. Currently, taxa highly influenced by precipitation coldest driest quarters. Main Conclusions Our results highlight general principle that glacial–interglacial cycles contemporary island‐like habitats distribution, shape genomic variation similar declining demographic trend examined may suggest overall ongoing underline also urgent need conservation action regions preserve biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Geographical isolation versus dispersal: Relictual alpine grasshoppers support a model of interglacial diversification with limited hybridization

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 296 - 312

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

Alpine biotas are paradigmatic of the countervailing roles geographical isolation and dispersal during diversification. In temperate regions, repeated distributional shifts driven by Pleistocene climatic oscillations produced both recurrent pulses population fragmentation opportunities for gene flow range expansions. Here, we test whether a model divergence in vs. with is more likely diversification flightless alpine grasshoppers genus Podisma from Iberian Peninsula. The answer to this question can also provide key insights about pace evolution. Specifically, if data fit model, suggests rapid evolution reproductive isolation. Genomic confirm origin species complex, multiple analytical approaches revealed limited asymmetric historical hybridization between two taxa. Genomic-based demographic reconstructions, spatial patterns genetic structure inferred palaeodistribution modelling suggest severe contraction accompanied declines effective sizes interglacials (i.e., contemporary populations confined sky islands relicts) expansions coldest stages each taxon. Although secondary contact leads phylogenetic uncertainty not accommodated when estimating evolutionary relationships, all exhibit strong cohesiveness. Our study lends support notion that accumulation incipient differences periods were sufficient lead lineage persistence, but changes, constraints distribution themselves mediated biotas.

Language: Английский

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Inferring the ecological and evolutionary determinants of community genetic diversity

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(23), P. 6093 - 6109

Published: May 23, 2023

Abstract Understanding the relative contributions of ecological and evolutionary processes to structuring communities is needed improve our ability predict how may respond future changes in an increasingly human‐modified world. Metabarcoding methods make it possible gather population genetic data for all species within a community, unlocking new axis potentially unveil origins maintenance biodiversity at local scales. Here, we present eco‐evolutionary simulation model investigating community assembly dynamics using metabarcoding data. The makes joint predictions abundance, variation, trait distributions phylogenetic relationships under wide range parameter settings (e.g. high speciation/low dispersal or vice versa) across states, from pristine unmodified heavily disturbed. We first demonstrate that parameters governing metacommunity leave detectable signatures simulated axes. Next, simulation‐based machine learning approach show neutral non‐neutral models are distinguishable reasonable estimates several can be obtained only community‐scale data, while information required estimate those describing dynamics. Finally, apply soil microarthropod Troodos mountains Cyprus, where find widespread forest habitats structured by processes, high‐elevation isolated act as abiotic filter generating structure. implement ibiogen R package, package dedicated investigation island, more generally community‐scale,

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of speciation by fusion in a recent radiation of grasshoppers

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(11), P. 2618 - 2633

Published: June 13, 2022

Postdivergence gene flow can trigger a number of creative evolutionary outcomes, ranging from the transfer beneficial alleles across species boundaries (i.e., adaptive introgression) to formation new hybrid speciation). Although neutral and introgression has been broadly documented in nature, speciation is assumed be rare ecological context facilitating this phenomenon still remains controversial. Through combining genomic phenotypic data, we evaluate hypothesis that dual feeding regime (based on both scrub legumes gramineous herbs) taxonomically controversial grasshopper Chorthippus saulcyi algoaldensis resulted hybridization between sister taxa C. binotatus (that exclusively feeds legumes) only herbs). Genetic clustering analyses inferences coalescent-based demographic simulations confirm s. represents an independently evolving lineage support ancient origin taxon (about 1.4 Ma), which sheds light its uncertain phylogenetic position might explain broader trophic niche. We propose Pleistocene model where range shifts resulting climatic oscillations promote swarms facilitate their long-term persistence through geographic isolation parental forms topographically complex landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Phylogeography and species distribution modeling unveil unnoticed Pliocene diversity: the case of a montane Iberian bush-cricket, Antaxius spinibrachius (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Insect Systematics and Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract The geographic distribution and systematics of many groups insects are still understudied across large areas the Iberian Peninsula. This lack knowledge fact that species have a complex evolutionary history due to existence “refugia within refugia” hindered taxonomic description true biodiversity in Here, we discuss flightless bush-cricket Antaxius spinibrachius (Fischer, 1853) using 1 nuclear 2 mitochondrial markers. We applied modeling design sampling strategies climatically favorable detect missing isolated populations or unknown lineages. Following modeled all presence records available, discovered 4 new Sierra Madrona, Serra de São Mamede, Montánchez, la Demanda. Phylogenetic analyses recovered major Pliocene lineages with north–south speciation pattern vicariant event split common ancestor these on either side Tagus Valley, probably associated climate change reorganization paleobasins western Peninsula during Miocene–Pliocene. described southern Plateau lineage as based phylogenetic morphological evidence, oretanus sp. nov. assessed conservation status “VU B2ab(iii,v)” under IUCN criteria.

Language: Английский

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The impact of adaptor selection on genotyping in 2b-RAD studies

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Population genomic studies have increased in the last decade, showing great potential to understand evolutionary patterns a variety of organisms, mostly relying on RAD sequencing techniques obtain reduced representations genomes. Among them, 2b-RAD can provide further secondary reduction adjust experimental costs by using base-selective adaptors, although its impact genotyping is unknown. Here we empirical comparisons and genetic differentiation when fully degenerate or adaptors assess missing data. We built libraries with two types for same individuals generated independent combined datasets different missingness filters (presence 100%, 75% 50% libraries). Our approach, exploring locus-by-locus, found 92% identical genotypes between individual loci shared among 100% libraries, which decreased 35% working present at least them. show that data major source differentiation. The discordant were low frequency (7.67%) all filtered files. Only 0.96% them directly attributable reducing heterozygosity. An underestimation heterozygosity 6.44% was degenerated ca. 70% had <10 reads per locus indicating sufficient read depth should be ensured correct genotyping. Base-selective reduce number loci, increase their coverage, reliable no lower cost. demonstrate concern identification differentiation, not neglected studies. Thus, conclude are robust tool use population genomics regardless target species genome size, promoting future

Language: Английский

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Inferring landscape factors driving microgeographic genetic structure of large-sized mountain ungulates: A case of Alashan red deer (Cervus elaphus alxaicus)

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44, P. e02497 - e02497

Published: May 2, 2023

Gene flow is crucial for maintaining population genetic diversity and increasing the adaptive potential of species. Therefore, identifying factors affecting gene important conservation planning, especially threatened mammals in complex mountain system. In this study, we conducted a microgeographic-scale landscape analysis endangered ecologically isolated Alashan red deer (Cervus elaphus alxaicus) first time. Using data from 329 individuals 11 microsatellite loci, assessed how environmental Chinese Helan Mountains affect Three clusters were identified by both Bayesian (STRUCTURE GENELAND) non-Bayesian (DAPC) methods, revealing clear spatial structure within limited geographic range. Landscape based on causal modelling linear mixed-effect revealed that was primarily restricted topographic factors, including complexity, aspect, altitude slope, rather than geographical distance or anthropogenic barriers. Based these results, two corridors can potentially facilitate Mountains. Our results highlight role natural features deer's functional connectivity. This differs findings regarding populations other regions, indicating patterns are not homogenous across range species, but differ among specific landscapes.

Language: Английский

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