The global loss of avian functional and phylogenetic diversity from anthropogenic extinctions

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6717), P. 55 - 60

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Humans have been driving a global erosion of species richness for millennia, but the consequences past extinctions other dimensions biodiversity-functional and phylogenetic diversity-are poorly understood. In this work, we show that, since Late Pleistocene, extinction 610 bird has caused disproportionate loss avian functional space along with ~3 billion years unique evolutionary history. For island endemics, proportional losses even greater. Projected future more than 1000 over next two centuries will incur further substantial reductions in diversity. These results highlight severe ongoing biodiversity crisis urgent need to identify ecological functions being lost through extinction.

Language: Английский

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Loss and Gain: Temporal Succession in Different Facets of Fish Diversity Over a Half Century Under Cascade Dam Construction

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

ABSTRACT Freshwater biodiversity is increasingly imperilled by human activities, with dam construction posing significant threats to fish communities. Species composition changes through introductions and extinctions have been widely reported, yet the long‐term consequences of cascade on multiple facets remain poorly understood. Moreover, compensatory effects species extinction received limited attention. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation impact extinction‐introduction successions, triggered construction, taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional diversity assemblages in upper Yellow River over five decades. Our results reveal that shifts significantly increased phylogenetic but not taxonomic diversity, suggesting greater sensitivity former construction. However, introduced only partially compensate for approximately 50% losses caused extinctions. Furthermore, timing increases synchronised, all measures gradually stabilising post‐dam Cumulative reservoir capacity, age, individual capacity were identified as key determinants multifaceted change after cumulative age generally having positive effects, while tended negative impact. These findings stress urgent need reassess under global change, emphasise caution interpreting short‐term data due non‐linear patterns, highlight importance using monitoring metrics conservation actions.

Language: Английский

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Climate‐induced range expansion of cushion plants promotes functional homogenization of soil nematode communities

Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Global climate change is causing plants and other organisms to naturally expand their ranges higher latitudes or altitudes. This expansion leading a strong reshuffling of biotic interactions with consequent ecosystem functions in the new ranges. We report here that soil fauna communities respond strongly cushion large‐scale latitudinal gradient Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Local taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic diversity nematodes increased presence independently gradient, but became more functionally similar increasing latitude. functional homogenization was driven by deterministic processes through which favored some traits (i.e., nematode trophic groups: herbivores bacterivores). Our study reveals homogenizations response warming‐induced plant range expansion. Given represent most abundant diverse animal terrestrial ecosystems, these findings indicate important changes dimension biodiversity delivery under change.

Language: Английский

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Intentional and unintentional changes to avian and mammalian diversities in the UK

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Rewilding is emerging as a promising restoration strategy to tackle the challenges posed by global change and maintain natural ecosystems their biodiversity. However, rewilding has also been criticized for absence of consistent definition insufficient knowledge about its possible outcomes. Here, we explored effects on filling functional gaps created extirpation native species. We contrasted with three other mechanisms in community composition—species extirpation, species introduction, unassisted colonization—in terms impacts changes avian mammalian diversity UK. found that (i) while increases most average, introduced/naturalized birds contribute more uniqueness space than groups birds; (ii) associated “rewilded” organisms were species‐dependent idiosyncratic. Our results suggest although can expand or infill trait some extent, such require careful assessment.

Language: Английский

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The what, how, and why of trait‐based analyses in ecology

Ecography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Functional diversity is increasingly used alongside taxonomic to describe populations and communities in ecology. Indeed, functional metrics allow researchers summarise complex occupancy patterns space and/or time across response various stressors. In other words, investigating what, how, why something changing an ecosystem by looking at changes of under a certain process through specific mechanism. However, as the methods increases, it often not directly clear which metric more readily appropriate for question. We studied ability different recover signals from processes linked common assembly mechanisms community ecology, such environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, equalising fitness, facilitation. Using both simulated data empirical dataset affected nuanced mechanisms, we tested effectiveness or changes. show that perform differently when trying capture approximations relative no mechanism all (null). For example, competition was harder disentangle null compared facilitation our simulations. This emphasises importance using one‐size‐fits‐all metric. Instead, should carefully consider test whether particular will be effective capturing pattern interest.

Language: Английский

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The what, how and why of trait-based analyses in ecology

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract Functional diversity is increasingly used alongside taxonomic to describe populations and communities in ecology. Indeed, functional metrics allow researchers summarize complex occupancy patterns space and/or time (what changing?) that lead changes (the process; how it response some stressors mechanism; why changing?). However, as the of methods increases, often not directly clear which metric more readily appropriate for question. We studied ability different recover signals from processes linked common assembly mechanisms (environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, equalizing fitness, facilitation) community Using both simulated data an empirical dataset affected by nuanced mechanisms, we tested effectiveness or changes. show perform better tasks, emphasizing importance using a one-size-fits-all metric. Instead, should carefully consider test whether particular will be effective capturing pattern interest.

Language: Английский

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DNA Barcoding Analysis of Betok Fish (Anabas testudineus) from Kampar, Riau Based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI)

JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 921 - 927

Published: June 30, 2024

Ikan betok (Anabas testudineus, Bloch 1792) is one of fishes which a member family Anabantidae. Betok an endemic fish in Riau Province. The scientific study about DNA barcoding still rarely. This research aims to analyze the barcode sequence cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) on fish. Methods were used this such as sampling, total extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, sequencing and data analysis. COI studied had size 694 bp. BLASTn analysis showed that highest similarity 99.7% with A. testudineus lowest 93.00% cobojinus. There was nucleotide characterize based namely number 309. may enrich database GeneBank.

Language: Английский

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Optimal inventorying and monitoring of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. e0307156 - e0307156

Published: July 31, 2024

Comparable data is essential to understand biodiversity patterns. While assemblage or community inventorying requires comprehensive sampling, monitoring focuses on as few components possible detect changes. Quantifying species, their evolutionary history, and the way they interact studying changes in taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) functional diversity (FD). Here we propose a method for optimization of sampling protocols assemblages communities across these three dimensions taking costs into account. We used Iberian spiders Amazonian bats two case-studies. The optimal combination methods required optimizing accumulation curve α-diversity minimizing difference between sampled estimated β-diversity (bias), respectively. For spiders, TD, PD FD allowed at least 50% with 24 person-hours fieldwork. six reaching bias below 8% all dimensions. bats, surveying 12 sites mist-nets 0 1 acoustic recorders was almost types, resulting >89% <10% roughly third cost. Only α-diversity, best solution less clear involved both mist nets recorders. widespread use optimized standardized regular repetition time will radically improve global inventory biodiversity. strongly advocate adoption taxonomic, diversity.

Language: Английский

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A new tool to quantify biodiversity change under landscape transformation

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract Identifying how species richness or diversity changes with different proportions of natural and anthropized environments in the landscape is important for management conservation. Here, we propose a new method to assess biodiversity landscapes varying habitat types. The algorithm based on resampling individuals recorded habitats considering both proportion occupied by each number habitat. assessed sampled individuals. If functional/phylogenetic tree distance matrix provided, function returns functional phylogenetic values. This procedure replicated times landscape. Our copes two more types works taxonomic, functional, diversities. We tested our using 10 simulated scenarios one empirical dataset bats (Chiroptera) whether they behaved as expected. performed expected all (considering also diversities this latter case). possibility working than dimensions (i.e., diversity) major advantage method. show that valuable tool context planning, helping promote sustainable often composed multiple mixed composition.

Language: Английский

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Predicted bird extinctions shifts morphological diversity in a metropolitan region in Eastern Amazon

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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