Rhythms in cognition: The evidence revisited

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(11-12), P. 2991 - 3009

Published: June 1, 2022

Brain activity abounds with rhythmic patterns (Capilla et al., 2021; Groppe 2013; Keitel & Gross, 2016) that reflect ongoing fluctuations of neuronal excitability (Adrian Matthews, 1934; Bishop, 1932). These rhythms can be described as oscillations cycle through phases at specific frequencies and a certain strength or amplitude (Figure 1). Attempts to account for the functional relevance have gone from associating cognitive function X Y more comprehensive understanding role brain in human everyday experience behaviour (Buzsáki Draguhn, 2004; Fries, 2015; Lakatos 2019; Wang, 2010). accounts support simple, yet fundamental idea: Cognitive functions themselves may intrinsically rhythmic. "The scanning apparatus should intrinsic period operation which identifiable performance brain. [...] In fact, it has order frequency appropriate alpha rhythm brain, shown electroencephalograms. We suspect this is associated form perception, partakes nature sweep rhythm, like process television apparatus." Theories derived these early ideas been reiterated over past 90 years. During time, research focussed on variations framework claiming processes depend offered wealth empirical evidence (Schroeder 2010; VanRullen, 2016; VanRullen Koch, 2003). Rhythmic sampling, implemented rhythms, proposed underlies not only perception but also attention (VanRullen 2007), memory (Staresina 2015), language (Giraud Poeppel, 2012). Linking cognition sampling particularly attractive because allows using global mechanistic principles bridge two different levels explanation: normal function, involves activity, experiences. addition, leaves open possibility actively intervening external stimulation either advance theory, example, close causal (see section 'Can we manipulate take control cognition?'), develop applications clinical interventions, such rehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces. The field, however, immune controversy. available does unequivocally assumed visual processing (Benwell 2017; Chaumon Busch, 2014; Fekete 2018; O'Hare, 1954; Ruzzoli van Diepen Van Walsh, 1952), various theoretical inconsistencies highlighted (Fekete White, 2018). For instance, exact implicated often differ between studies task and/or stimulus characteristics (Chen 2020; Ho Merholz 2022; Ronconi see table 2019), difficult reconcile any simple model fixed, discrete temporal 'frames' (White, Additionally, effect sizes showing periodicity behavioural neural measures tend small, hence line clear, all-or-nothing frame boundaries (Milton Pleydell-Pearce, 2018) utility real-life (Vigué-Guix 2020). Furthermore, literature suffers lack direct replications, pre-registered studies, data, code sharing (Garrett-Ruffin Niso Pavlov 2021), well low statistical power (Button 2013). Finally, publication bias favour statistically significant results distorted undermined reliability published (Szucs Ioannidis, 2017). Despite extensive research, existence remain intensely debated, idea continues attract vast interest. Special Issue, called methodologically principled irrespective their outcome, would contribute clarifying if, under conditions, observed. addition 26 original articles (including conceptual replications), received reviews, methodological advances, position papers. Following our aim re-visit cognition, evaluated primary outcomes 23 tested hypothesis directly. A split picture emerged 11 reporting supportive 12 others null inconclusive findings Figure 2). Within context, here review 36 publications Issue an emphasis how each contribution informs questions controversies wider cognition. doing so, cluster contributions around prevalent topics – Does operate rhythmically? And if processes? majority come influence outcomes. Below, summarise previous lines discuss relevant Issue. Numerous demonstrated by probing time intervals relative reference event. Provided are distributed across wide-enough range sampled densely within range, resulting course submitted spectral analysis rhythmicity. This approach new (e.g., Latour, 1967; Purushothaman 2000) become increasingly popular last decade Dugué Fiebelkorn Landau 2012; Senoussi 2019). refer reader Kienitz al. (2021) overview experimental paradigms employed study during attentive vision both non-human primates. behaviour, debate surrounds potential dissociations frequencies. Michel addressed topic information up down theta (4–7 Hz) (8–12 rhythms. participants performed orientation judgement after non-informative cue (50% validity) indicated target location. observed precision oscillated invalidly cued targets, whilst guess rate validly targets. suggest distinct roles potentially subserving attentional fluctuations. However, authors suggested environmental likely drives spatial resolution, rather than strict succession perceptual snapshots blind gaps 'up' 'down' respectively. possible frequencies, degree fixed depends demands participant state remains unclear. regard, Balestrieri (2021, issue) showed interplay working memory. Rhythms detection were maintenance simultaneous task. Interestingly, was modulated load, oscillating ~7.5 Hz versus 5 high respectively, suggesting might depending allocation limited resources another Morrow Samaha whether occurs alpha-band (Chakravarthi Sokoliuk 2016), capitalising motion-related illusions: flash-lag Fröhlich effect. Indeed, according recently (K. A. Schneider, 2018), supported series 'perceptual moments', duration individual differences illusions. hypothesised effects driven endogenous peak participants, then magnitude illusion correlated individuals. successfully induced illusions all found no correlation Bayesian favoured single underlying oscillatory mechanism could Plöchl examined auditory modality. Their included visual, auditory, bimodal conditions task, closely replicated seminal Fries (2012). Specifically, they capitalised reset (in modality) automatically drive one (left vs. right) streams events uncued locations. fluctuated counter phase attended locations, confirming supramodal processing. modality entirely earlier finding where alpha-range (9 response decision making (Ho combined dichotic oddball paradigm test violating sensory expectations made novel observation stimuli played non-anticipated ear induce subsequent theta-range (7.6 accuracy. update representations following violations expectations. concluded that, although rhythmicity corroborated (growing) number special considerations analytical necessary Brookshire, 2021). need chosen, require large trials participants. On note, der Werf unable replicate (Fiebelkorn Helfrich modified Egly-Driver (Egly 1994) detecting appear end (i.e., location) other space-based, non-cued bar, equidistant bar (object-based, location). No pattern accuracy locations level predictive validity, though exploratory did reveal ~7–8 when cues moderately informative. commentary al.'s study, proposes despite being comparable (Helfrich per condition replication too reliably detect further suggests purely data limiting combining simultaneously recorded electrophysiology (but ten Oever 2022, issue, Fiebelkorn's commentary). Magneto- electroencephalography (M/EEG) allow investigating activity. They enable analyses performance, detection, parameters (phase amplitude) presentation. Most M/EEG revolve question pre-stimulus affect attempting specific, previously untested conditions. EEG presented detected targets rhythmically counter-phase predicted modalities. Benwell challenging letter identification measure subjective awareness trial. confirmed reports (also By contrast, had accuracy, again replicating 1952). Similarly, Michail discrimination corresponding phase. unique aspect experiment long 2.5 s. Accordingly, speculate less lasting several cycles. Sheldon Mathewson set out post-stimulus likelihood guessing. reproduced precisely analysed error distribution models yield separate estimates Conceptually, similar who 'Rhythmicity behaviour'). (Mathewson 2009; Fakche 2022), performance. Instead, 2–7 activities Zazio issue), turn, clear behaviour. resembled (Busch 2009), reported Using MEG source analysis, stimulus-evoked inversely related occipito-temporal areas, whereas localised occipital prefrontal areas. Whilst assessed analysing Es (2020, used vector machine decode (counter/clockwise) signal. classification along theta/alpha frontal eye field parietal cortex contralateral grating stimulus. reflected (reaction times), leaving unknown. Gaillard Ben Hamed neurophysiological argue seems continuously regions alternates periodically center periphery parieto-frontal networks. two-stage positing combination continuous interact conscious percepts (Herzog Vigué-Guix attempted demonstrate interesting features stand section. First, aimed Callaway Yeager (1960), papers looking into idea. closed-loop analyse real-time (bright LED flashes) selectively rhythm. Second, kept eyes closed throughout experiment, amplified facilitated extracting its comparably small sample demonstrating level. reliable estimation parameter managed present accordingly, onset times participant. putative sizable enough practical relevance, signal interface applications. Along phase, recent investigated instantaneous within- between-participant integration temporally proximal (Samaha Postle, 2015) multisensory (audiovisual) (Cecere Keil Senkowski, 2017), theory cycles (VanRullen, 2016). London (2022, extend audiovisual supra-threshold stimuli. occipito-parietal electrodes increased sensitivity, found. results, those (Buergers Noppeney, cast doubt notion determining factor sensitivity perception. provided reviewed thus far provide answer way Behavioural issue frequently perhaps surprising contrasts suggestion (Fiebelkorn, 2021, given represents measurement question. tasks appears quite robust, (see, e.g., D. Schneider (Zazio Therefore, markedly weaker compared effects. aligns Benwell, Keitel, Notably, even subset considered attempts (Plöchl Der least very designs (van mixed. Replication extension key will critical development (Pavlov valuable examples. It crucial methodologies optimised 2022). flaws (such power), important validated replications. ideally trial numbers) terms overall size. collaborative run labs (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Another future step derive hypotheses existing theories about tasks, states (and not). 1932) predicts is, excitability. arguably case short durations contrast feature longer (Michail Mathewson, issue). challenge define benchmark 'just works', stimuli, trusted fields neuroscience developed conventional eliciting interest, capture (Theeuwes, 1992), cueing (Carrasco, 2011), markers (Ngiam Establishing standard vantage point chart determine affects Manipulating periodic tool sampling. As Quigley reports, dates back Adrian Matthews (1934) Walter (1954), light light-induced responses synchronisation inputs since termed 'entrainment'. entrainment remained pervasive drew strengths major routes: explanatory functions, versatility technique experimenters and, later on, interventionists. Regarding power, Dynamic Attending Theory, posits internal oscillators rhythms) synchronise (Jones Boltz, 1989; Henry Herrmann, 2014). Once established, synchronised cycling optimal cortical coincide upcoming facilitates Lakatos, 2009). widely promoted general interactions input (Lakatos Tavano emblematic crucially underlie ability tune segment understand speech Rimmele Hauswald 2020, From perspective experimenters, versatile method directly manipulating Next stimulation, magnetic electrical non-invasive (NIBS) (Thut, Schyns, 2011). prospect influencing inspired interventions pathological please Tichko (2020) gamma-frequency (40 attempt counteract pathophysiologies linked Alzheimer's disease (Iaccarino strong integrating music-based currently therapy. enthusiastically overall, unclear, implementing applies circumscribed situations. One significance benefits beyond regularities input. implements selective (Calderone 2013), facilitate behaviourally providing periods Barne predictably recurring (here: tone frequency) lead higher predictable features, embedded regular sequences. interleaved instructed compare them probe brief retention interval. Although find benefit non-rhythmic de Graaf Duecker, W. M. Lin, Oetringer, Rassili Ordin, Sun nor pre-probe templates period, cortices intermittent pre-activation anticipation anticipatory anti-phasic activation supports puts maximally excitable (potential) delivery. Moreover, self-sustain ceases. Lin three experiments versions pitch total 181 occurring discriminated faster accurately out-of-phase. first experiments, low-frequency 1–3 Hz. paradigm, Hickok (2015) in-phase easily, entrainment. findings. After amplitude-modulated noise, responded tones constant noise pre-target noise. some periodicities consistently Saberi Hickok, Ordin presenting sequence (linguistic) syllables (non-linguistic) natural sounds similarly affected intermediately sound. neither type exceeded irregular Further hinted reactio

Language: Английский

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Resting-state EEG signatures of Alzheimer's disease are driven by periodic but not aperiodic changes

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 106380 - 106380

Published: Dec. 17, 2023

Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown potential for identifying early-stage biomarkers of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A large body evidence shows that, compared healthy controls (HC), AD is power increases in lower EEG frequencies (delta and theta) decreases higher (alpha beta), together slowing the peak alpha frequency. However, pathophysiological processes underlying these changes remain unclear. For instance, recent studies have that apparent shifts from high low can be driven either by frequency specific periodic or rather non-oscillatory (aperiodic) 1/f slope spectrum. Hence, clarify mechanism(s) alterations AD, it necessary account both aperiodic characteristics signal. Across two independent datasets, we examined whether resting-state linked reflect true oscillatory (periodic) changes, (non-oscillatory) signal, a combination both. We found strong are purely nature, at beta (AD < HC) leading + beta) / ratios AD. Aperiodic features did not differ between HC. By replicating findings cohorts, provide robust pathophysiology against changes. therefore neural dynamics emphasize robustness signatures, which may further used as prognostic interventional targets future clinical investigations.

Language: Английский

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Correlations between Visual Temporal Resolution and Individual Alpha Peak Frequency: Evidence that Internal and Measurement Noise Drive Null Findings

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(4), P. 590 - 601

Published: April 12, 2023

Abstract The brain organizes the continuous flow of sensory input by parsing it into discrete events. In case two flashes separated a brief ISI, for example, perception may be single flash or distinct flashes, depending on ISI but also speed processing. A number studies have reported evidence that participants with higher EEG peak alpha frequency are able to detect presence short intervals, whereas those slower report only one flash. Other not found this correlation. We investigated potential factors might mask relationship between individual and visual perception. recorded resting-state from large sample (n = 50) measured temporal resolution two-flash fusion task. over posterior channels predicted threshold, in line previous studies, correlation was significant when taking account steepness psychophysical curve Participants relatively shallow curve, likely reflecting high and/or decision noise, failed show relationship. These findings replicate reports resolution, while suggesting an explanation performance neglects role internal noise insufficient all differences.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Approaches in the Study of Neural Entrainment

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(40), P. e1234242024 - e1234242024

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

When exposed to rhythmic stimulation, the human brain displays activity across sensory modalities and regions. Given ubiquity of this phenomenon, how rhythms are transformed into neural remains surprisingly inconclusive. An influential model posits that endogenous oscillations entrain external rhythms, thereby encoding environmental dynamics shaping perception. However, research on entrainment faces multiple challenges, from ambiguous definitions methodological difficulties when need be identified disentangled other stimulus-related mechanisms can lead similar phase-locked responses. Yet, recent years have seen novel approaches overcome these including computational modeling, insights dynamical systems theory, sophisticated stimulus designs, study neuropsychological impairments. This review outlines key challenges in research, delineates state-of-the-art approaches, integrates findings animal neurophysiology provide a broad perspective usefulness, validity, constraints oscillatory models brain-environment interaction.

Language: Английский

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Aperiodic EEG Predicts Variability of Visual Temporal Processing

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(40), P. e2308232024 - e2308232024

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

The human brain exhibits both oscillatory and aperiodic, or 1/

Language: Английский

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Phase resets undermine measures of phase-dependent perception

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 224 - 226

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Beta oscillations in vision: a (preconscious) neural mechanism for the dorsal visual stream?

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Neural oscillations in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 frequency bands are thought to reflect feedback/reentrant loops large-scale cortical interactions. In the last decades a main effort has been made linking perception with alpha-band oscillations, converging evidence showing that have key role temporal featural binding of visual input, configuring rhythm determinant conscious experience. Less attention historically dedicated link processing. Nonetheless, increasing studies report task conditions require segregate/integrate stimuli space, disentangle local/global shapes, spatially reorganize inputs, achieve motion or form-motion integration, rely on activity hub parietal areas. present review, we summarize within band perception. We propose represent neural code supports functionality magnocellular-dorsal (M-D) pathway, serving as fast primary exert top-down influences slower parvocellular-ventral pathway activity. Such M-D-related is proposed act mainly pre-consciously, providing spatial coordinates vision guiding extraction objects identity achieved rhythms ventral Finally, this new theoretical framework, discuss potential visuo-spatial attention, oculo-motor behavior reading (dis)abilities.

Language: Английский

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Subliminal visual stimulation produces behavioural oscillations in multiple frequencies in a visual integration task

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract We perceive our surrounding as a continuous stream of information. Yet, it is under debate, whether brain processes the incoming information continuously or rather in discontinuous way. In recent years, idea rhythmic perception has regained popularity, assuming that parieto-occipital alpha oscillations are neural mechanism defining rhythmicity visual perception. Consequently, behavioural response should also fluctuate rhythm (i.e., at ~ 10 Hz). To test this hypothesis, we employed integration task. Crucially investigated if subliminal stimulus preceding target modulates behaviour. Our results show behaviour fluctuates function delay between and stimuli. These fluctuations were found range theta, beta oscillations. further support idea, functional for perception, leading to addition, other frequencies seem play role temporal

Language: Английский

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The impact of rhythm on visual attention disengagement in newborns and 2-month-old infants

Cognition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 106077 - 106077

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Electroencephalography-driven brain-network models for personalized interpretation and prediction of neural oscillations

Clinical Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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