On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die‐off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1 - 55

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Patterns, mechanisms, projections, and consequences of tree mortality associated broad‐scale forest die‐off due to drought accompanied by warmer temperatures—“hotter drought”, an emerging characteristic the Anthropocene—are focus rapidly expanding literature. Despite recent observational, experimental, modeling studies suggesting increased vulnerability trees hotter pests pathogens, substantial debate remains among research, management policy‐making communities regarding future risks. We summarize key mortality‐relevant findings, differentiating between those implying lesser versus greater levels vulnerability. Evidence includes benefits elevated [CO 2 ] water‐use efficiency; observed modeled increases in growth canopy greening; widespread woody‐plant biomass, density, extent; compensatory physiological, morphological, genetic mechanisms; dampening ecological feedbacks; potential mitigation management. In contrast, document more rapid under negative physiological responses accelerated biotic attacks. Additional evidence rising background rates; projected frequency, intensity, duration; limitations vegetation models such as inadequately represented processes; warming feedbacks from die‐off; wildfire synergies. Grouping these findings we identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape but have not been discussed collectively. also present a set global drivers are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) produces droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand nonlinearly temperature during drought; (4) can faster drought, consistent fundamental physiology; (5) shorter frequently than longer become lethal warming, increasing frequency nonlinearly; (6) happens relative intervals needed for recovery. These high‐confidence drivers, concert research supporting perspectives, support overall viewpoint globally. surmise is being discounted part difficulties predicting threshold extreme climate events. Given profound societal implications underestimating highlight urgent challenges management, communities.

Language: Английский

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Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 91(3), P. 760 - 781

Published: May 22, 2015

ABSTRACT In many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently, and future climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in coming decades. These increasingly challenging main objectives ecosystem management, which provide services sustainably society maintain biological diversity forests. Yet a comprehensive understanding how disturbances affect these primary goals management is still lacking. We conducted global literature review on impact three most important agents (fire, wind, bark beetles) 13 different indicators biodiversity forests boreal, cool‐ warm‐temperate biomes. Our were ( i ) synthesize effect natural wide range possible ii investigate standardized sizes for selected via quantitative meta‐analysis. screened total 1958 studies published between 1981 2013, reviewed 478 detail. first investigated overall individual by means independence tests, subsequently examined size carbon storage regression analysis. Additionally, we commonly used approaches i.e. salvage logging prescribed burning. found that impacts generally negative, an was supported all categories services, supporting, provisioning, regulating, cultural P < 0.001). Indicators biodiversity, species richness, habitat quality indices, other hand be influenced positively analyses thus reveal ‘disturbance paradox’, documenting can put at risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity. A detailed investigation underlined divergent effects disturbance. While event average causes decrease 38.5% (standardized coefficient stand‐replacing disturbance), it increases richness 35.6%. Disturbance‐management such as burning neither significantly mitigate negative nor enhance positive not alleviate paradox. Considering climate change intensify regimes, our results indicate will benefit from sustainable provisioning might come under pressure. This underlines resilience require increased attention future, new addressing paradox needed.

Language: Английский

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Remote sensing of the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review of advances over 50 years

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 111383 - 111383

Published: Sept. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Increasing impact of warm droughts on northern ecosystem productivity over recent decades

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 772 - 779

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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The AmeriFlux network: A coalition of the willing

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 444 - 456

Published: Oct. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1920 - 1931

Published: March 27, 2014

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem CO₂/H₂O fluxes are explained by hydraulically limited gas exchange during tree mortality from spruce bark beetles

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 1195 - 1215

Published: May 2, 2014

Abstract Disturbances are increasing globally due to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate. This study determines whether a disturbance that affects the physiology of individual trees can be used predict response ecosystem by weighing two competing hypothesis at annual time scales: (a) fluxes proportional observable patterns mortality or (b) explain dying must also incorporated. We evaluate these hypotheses analyzing 6 years eddy covariance flux data collected throughout progression spruce beetle ( Dendroctonus rufipennis ) epidemic Wyoming Engelmann Picea engelmannii )–subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa forest testing for canopy conductance g c ), evapotranspiration (ET), net exchange (NEE) CO 2 . from , ET, NEE all diminish (decrease absolute magnitude) as die (1) ET decline attacked (hydraulic failure beetle‐associated blue‐stain fungi) (2) diminishes both (restricted gas exchange) when they die. Ecosystem declined outbreak progressed was best described phases: (I) hydraulic caused restricted (28 ± 4% decline, Bayesian posterior mean standard deviation), (NEE diminished 13 6%) (II) died 51 3% with minimal further change 36 4%). These results support b suggest model predictions following massive disturbances modified account tree physiological controls not simply observed mortality.

Language: Английский

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Spatial and temporal patterns of Landsat-based detection of tree mortality caused by a mountain pine beetle outbreak in Colorado, USA

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 78 - 88

Published: March 31, 2014

Language: Английский

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When a Tree Dies in the Forest: Scaling Climate-Driven Tree Mortality to Ecosystem Water and Carbon Fluxes

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 1133 - 1147

Published: April 28, 2016

Language: Английский

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Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 4881 - 4896

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Abstract. Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from atmosphere. However, lack global diagnostics that reflect stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers quantification age-related differences in dynamics. This study provides new distribution circa 2010, estimated using machine learning approach trained with more than 40 000 plots inventory, biomass climate data. First, an evaluation against plot-level measurements reveals data-driven method has relatively good predictive classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 0.99 for non-old-growth, respectively) forests estimating corresponding estimates (NSE 0.6 – Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency RMSE 50 years root-mean-square error). there are systematic biases overestimation young- underestimation old-forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find large variability tropical regions Amazon Congo, young China, intermediate stands Europe. Furthermore, high rates deforestation or degradation (e.g. arc Amazon) composed mainly younger stands. Assessment space shows old either cold dry warm wet regions, while young–intermediate span climatic gradient. Finally, comparing presented series regional products rooted different approaches situ observations global-scale products. Despite showing robustness cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much possible harmonize data across approaches. The dataset here into better understand dynamics water cycles. datasets openly available at https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021).

Language: Английский

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