Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Multiple blood feeding bouts in mosquitoes allow for prolonged survival and are predicted to increase viral transmission during dry periods

iScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 111760 - 111760

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Dry conditions increase blood feeding in mosquitoes, but it is unknown if dehydration-induced bloodmeals are increased beyond what necessary for reproduction. In this study, we investigated the role of dehydration secondary behaviors mosquitoes. Following an initial bloodmeal, prolonged exposure to dry mosquitoes by nearly two-fold, and chronic allowed survive up 20 days without access water. Exposure desiccating following a bloodmeal resulted activity, decreased sleep levels, prompted return CO2 sensing before egg deposition. Increased higher survival during periods predicted pathogen transmission, allowing rapid rebound mosquito populations when favorable return. Overall, these results solidify our understanding how impact that contributes transmission dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Shifting transmission risk for malaria in Africa with climate change: a framework for planning and intervention

Malaria Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: May 1, 2020

Abstract Background Malaria continues to be a disease of massive burden in Africa, and the public health resources targeted at surveillance, prevention, control, intervention comprise large outlays expense. transmission is largely constrained by suitability climate for Anopheles mosquitoes Plasmodium parasite development. Thus, as changes, shifts geographic locations suitable transmission, differing lengths seasons will occur, which require changes types amounts resources. Methods The shifting risk malaria was mapped, context changing seasonality (i.e. endemic epidemic, vice versa), number people affected. A published temperature-dependent model applied continental gridded data multiple future AR5 projections. resulting outcomes were aligned with programmatic needs provide summaries national regional scales African continent. Model combined population projections estimate three points future, 2030, 2050, 2080, under two scenarios greenhouse gas emissions (RCP4.5 RCP8.5). Results Estimated seasonal observed across all change. worst-case scenario (RCP8.5) change predicted an additional 75.9 million from (10-12 months) exposure Eastern Southern Africa year greatest Africa. Despite predominance reduction season length, net gain 51.3 put some level Western midcentury. Conclusions This study provides updated view potential more recent (AR5), tool aligning findings key decision-makers. In describing seasonality, it possible capture transitions between epidemic areas, facilitate planning interventions aimed year-round versus anticipatory surveillance rapid response outbreak locations.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Mosquito-borne diseases are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of world. However, these conquering temperate regions, raising question role temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one most significant abiotsic factors affecting, many ways, insect vectors pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate truth this claim by synthesizing current knowledge effects arboviruses vectors, as well outcome interactions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Temperature in Transmission of Zoonotic Arboviruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1013 - 1013

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

We reviewed the literature on role of temperature in transmission zoonotic arboviruses. Vector competence is affected by both direct and indirect effects temperature, generally increases with increasing but results may vary vector species, population, viral strain. Temperature additionally has a significant influence life history traits vectors at immature adult stages, for important behaviors such as blood-feeding mating. Similar to competence, can species population. Vector, host, distributions are all expected change increased temperatures predicted under climate change. Arboviruses shift poleward higher elevations change, yet variability fine geographic scales likely. unimodal, abundance up an optimum, then decreases high temperatures. Improved distribution information could facilitate future modeling. A wide variety approaches have been used model distributions, although most research focused West Nile virus. Direct frequently observed, effects, through droughts, where interacts rainfall. Thermal biology hold much promise syntheses across viruses, vectors, hosts, studies must consider specificity interactions dynamic nature evolving biological systems.

Language: Английский

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