Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(22), P. 6696 - 6710

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability priority areas for functional groups soil based on six surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that all most peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, New Caledonia, negligible island effect plants animals. also predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat land-cover change, particularly dry regions high human population density. Fungal highest include herbaceous wetlands, forests, woodlands. stress more attention should be focused fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal ectomycorrhizal as well unicellular early-diverging macrofungi general. Given low overlap between macroorganisms, but both groups, detailed analyses requirements warranted other microorganisms organisms.

Language: Английский

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Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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The undetectability of global biodiversity trends using local species richness

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(3)

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Although species are being lost at alarming rates, previous research has provided conflicting results on the extent and even direction of global biodiversity change local scale. Here, we assessed ability to detect trends using richness how it is affected by number monitoring sites, sampling interval (i.e. time between original survey re‐survey site), measurement error (error richness), spatial grain (a proxy for taxa mobility) biases site‐selection biases). We use PREDICTS model‐based estimates as a real‐world distribution randomly selected sites calculate trends. found that while network with hundreds could in within 30‐year period, detecting doubled decade, increased 10‐fold three years yearly were undetectable. Measurement errors had non‐linear effect statistical power, 1% reducing power slight margin 5% drastically reliably any trend. The was also related grain, making harder sampled smaller plot sizes. Spatial not only reduced negative but sometimes yielded positive conclude accurate may simply be unfeasible current approaches. suggest representative implemented national level, combined models accounting biases, can help improve our understanding change.

Language: Английский

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Land conversion to agriculture induces taxonomic homogenization of soil microbial communities globally

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract Agriculture contributes to a decline in local species diversity and above- below-ground biotic homogenization. Here, we conduct continental survey using 1185 soil samples compare microbial communities from natural ecosystems (forest, grassland, wetland) with converted agricultural land. We combine our results global meta-analysis of available sequencing data that cover more than 2400 across six continents. Our combined demonstrate land conversion taxonomic functional homogenization bacteria, mainly driven by the increase geographic ranges taxa croplands. find 20% phylotypes are decreased 23% increased conversion, croplands enriched Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Myxcoccota Latescibacterota . Although there is no significant difference composition between land, genes involved nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mineralization transportation depleted cropland. provide insight into consequences land-use change on diversity.

Language: Английский

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Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1388 - 1423

Published: April 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 739 - 751

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Climate change and habitat loss present serious threats to nature. Yet, due a lack of historical land-use data, the potential for baseline conditions interact with changing climate affect biodiversity remains largely unknown. Here, we use land use, data species observation investigate patterns causes in Great Britain. We show that anthropogenic conversion have broadly led increased richness, biotic homogenization warmer-adapted communities British birds, butterflies plants over long term (50+ years) short (20 years). Biodiversity was found be determined by environmental climate, especially shorter timescales, suggesting recent periods could reflect an inertia derived from past changes. Climate–land-use interactions were mostly related long-term richness beta diversity across taxa. Semi-natural grasslands (in broad sense, including meadows, pastures, lowland upland heathlands open wetlands) associated lower rates change, while their contribution national-level doubled term. Our findings highlight need protect restore natural semi-natural habitats, alongside fuller consideration individual species’ requirements beyond simple measures management policy.

Language: Английский

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Effective Biodiversity Monitoring Needs a Culture of Integration

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 462 - 474

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Despite conservation commitments, most countries still lack large-scale biodiversity monitoring programs to track progress toward agreed targets. Monitoring program design is frequently approached from a top-down, data-centric perspective that ignores the socio-cultural context of data collection. A rich landscape people and organizations, with diversity motivations expertise, independently engages in monitoring. This often leads complementarity activities across places, time periods, taxa. In this Perspective, we propose framework for aligning different efforts realize through networked stakeholders, data, schemes. We emphasize value integrating independent observations conjunction backbone structured core monitoring, thereby fostering broad ownership resilience due strong partnership science, society, policy, individuals. Furthermore, identify stakeholder-specific barriers incentives foster joint collaboration effective

Language: Английский

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Widespread decline in Central European plant diversity across six decades

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 1097 - 1110

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Based on plant occurrence data covering all parts of Germany, we investigated changes in the distribution 2136 species between 1960 and 2017. We analyzed 29 million records over an area ~350,000 km

Language: Английский

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Assessing the response of micro-eukaryotic diversity to the Great Acceleration using lake sedimentary DNA

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 31, 2020

Abstract Long-term time series have provided evidence that anthropogenic pressures can threaten lakes. Yet it remains unclear how and the extent to which lake biodiversity has changed during Anthropocene, in particular for microbes. Here, we used DNA preserved sediments compare modern micro-eukaryotic communities with those from end of 19th century, i.e., before acceleration human imprint on ecosystems. Our results obtained 48 lakes indicate drastic changes composition microbial communities, coupled a homogenization their diversity between Remote high elevation were globally less impacted than lowland affected by local activity. All functional groups (micro-algae, parasites, saprotrophs consumers) underwent significant diversity. However, show effects benefited phototrophic mixotrophic species, is consistent hypothesis global increase primary productivity

Language: Английский

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Temporal changes in spatial variation: partitioning the extinction and colonisation components of beta diversity

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 1063 - 1072

Published: March 14, 2021

Abstract The last two decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in beta diversity, the spatial variation species composition, from local to global scales. However, analytical challenges hampered empirical ecologists quantifying extinction and colonisation processes behind these changing diversity patterns. Here, we develop a novel numerical method additively partition temporal into components that reflect extinctions colonisations. By applying this datasets, revealed spatiotemporal community dynamics were otherwise undetectable. In mature forests, found resulted tree communities becoming more spatially heterogeneous, while colonisations simultaneously caused them homogenise. coral communities, detected non‐random disassembly reassembly following an environmental perturbation, with temporally varying balance between Partitioning dynamic underlie can provide mechanistic insights organisation of biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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