Developing Phage Therapy That Overcomes the Evolution of Bacterial Resistance

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 503 - 524

Published: June 2, 2023

The global rise of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens and the waning efficacy antibiotics urge consideration alternative antimicrobial strategies. Phage therapy is a classic approach where bacteriophages (bacteria-specific viruses) are used against infections, with many recent successes personalized medicine treatment intractable infections. However, perpetual challenge for developing generalized phage expectation that viruses will exert selection target bacteria to deploy defenses virus attack, causing evolution during patient treatment. Here we review two main complementary strategies mitigating therapy: minimizing ability populations evolve driving (steering) phage-resistant toward clinically favorable outcomes. We discuss future research directions might further address phage-resistance problem, foster widespread development deployment therapeutic outsmart evolved clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Thermal adaptation best explains Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules across ecologically diverse shorebirds

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Bergmann's and Allen's rules state that endotherms should be larger have shorter appendages in cooler climates. However, the drivers of these are not clear. Both could explained by adaptation for improved thermoregulation, including plastic responses to temperature early life. Non-thermal explanations also plausible as climate impacts other factors influence size shape, starvation risk, predation foraging ecology. We assess potential 30 shorebird species using extensive field data (>200,000 observations). show birds hot, tropical northern Australia longer bills smaller bodies than conspecifics temperate, southern Australia, conforming with both ecogeographical rules. This pattern is consistent across ecologically diverse species, migratory spend life Arctic. Our findings best support hypothesis thermoregulatory warm climates drives latitudinal patterns shape.

Language: Английский

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Is color data from citizen science photographs reliable for biodiversity research?

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 4071 - 4083

Published: March 30, 2021

Color research continuously demands better methods and larger sample sizes. Citizen science (CS) projects are producing an ever-growing geo- time-referenced set of photographs organisms. These datasets have the potential to make a huge contribution color research, but reliability these data need be tested before widespread implementation.We compared difference between extracted from CS with that controlled lighting conditions (i.e., current gold standard in spectrometry) for both birds plants. First, we ability quantify interspecific variability by assessing > 9,000 537 Australian bird species museum spectrometry data. Second, intraspecific measuring petal two plant using seven methods/sources varying levels control.For questions, found averaging out through large size, capture proportion across variation plumage within visual part spectrum (

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic plasticity in tropical butterflies is linked to climatic seasonality on a macroevolutionary scale

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. 1302 - 1316

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity can be adaptive in fluctuating environments by providing rapid environment–phenotype matching and this applies particularly seasonal environments. African Bicyclus butterflies have repeatedly colonized savannahs from ancestral forests around the late Miocene, many species now exhibit polyphenism. On a macroevolutionary scale, it expected that savannah will higher because of experiencing stronger environmental seasonality than forest species. We quantified using niche modeling surveyed degree key wing pattern element (eyespot size) museum specimens. showed occurring highly display strong plasticity, while less or aseasonal surprisingly variable degrees including to no plasticity. Furthermore, eyespot size has moderate phylogenetic signal likely exhibited some propose hypotheses explain range patterns seen generate testable predictions for evolution Bicyclus. Our study provides one most compelling cases showing links between phenotypic on scale potential role facilitating colonization novel

Language: Английский

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Microstructures amplify carotenoid plumage signals in tanagers

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 21, 2021

Brilliantly-colored birds are a model system for research into evolution and sexual selection. Red, orange, yellow carotenoid-colored plumages have been considered honest signals of condition; however, sex differences in feather pigments microstructures not well understood. Here, we show that microstructures, rather than carotenoid pigments, seem to be major driver male-female color the social, sexually-dimorphic tanager genus Ramphocelus. We comprehensively quantified (i) (using spectrophotometry), (ii) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)), (iii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical modeling). Males significantly more saturated patches females. However, our exploratory analysis suggested males females concordant pigment profiles across all species (MCMCglmm model, female:male ratio = 0.95). Male, but female, feathers elaborate which amplify appearance. Oblong, expanded barbs enhance saturation (for same amount pigment) by increasing transmission power through feather. Dihedral barbules (vertically-angled, strap-shaped barbules) reduce total reflectance generate "super black" "velvet red" plumage. Melanin explains some, all, plumage differences. Our results suggest widely cited index honesty, cannot fully explain male propose selected evolve amplifiers-in this case, appearance-that necessarily themselves linked quality.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of female coloration: What have we learned from birds in general and blue tits in particular

Advances in the study of behavior, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123 - 202

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Evolution of breeding plumages in birds: A multiple‐step pathway to seasonal dichromatism in New World warblers (Aves: Parulidae)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(17), P. 9223 - 9239

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Abstract Many species of birds show distinctive seasonal breeding and nonbreeding plumages. A number hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution this dichromatism, specifically related to idea that may experience variable levels sexual selection relative natural throughout year. However, these not addressed selective forces shaped molt, underlying mechanism plumage change. Here, we examined relationships between life‐history variation, a dichromatism in New World warblers (Aves: Parulidae), family with remarkable diversity plumage, strategies. We used phylogenetic comparative methods path analysis understand how why plumages evolve family. found color change alone poorly explains patterns biannual molt warblers. Instead, is better explained by combination other factors, especially migration distance foraging stratum. decoupled, appearing earlier on tree, more dispersed across taxa body regions, correlating separate factors than dichromatism. This result helps explain apparent paradox biannually but are identical plumage. find support two‐step process plumages: That prealternate evolves primarily under feather renewal, sometimes following later. These results reveal strategies birds' environment act upon multiple functions drive replacement bird coloration.

Language: Английский

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Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 30, 2021

Abstract Apex predators are threatened globally, and their local extinctions often driven by failures in sustaining prey acquisition under contexts of severe scarcity. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is Earth’s largest the apex aerial predator Amazonian forests, but no previous study has examined impact forest loss on feeding ecology. We monitored 16 active nests embedded within landscapes that had experienced 0 to 85% loss, identified 306 captured items. Harpy eagles could not switch open-habitat deforested habitats, retained a diet based canopy vertebrates even landscapes. Feeding rates decreased with three fledged individuals dying starvation succumbed 50–70% deforestation. Because > 70% supported nests, eaglets be provisioned independence 50% we established cover threshold for reproductive viability pairs. Our scaling-up estimate indicates 35% entire 428,800-km 2 ‘Arc Deforestation’ region cannot support breeding populations. results suggest restoring population highly fragmented critically depends decisive conservation action.

Language: Английский

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Predictability of temporal variation in climate and the evolution of seasonal polyphenism in tropical butterfly communities

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. 1362 - 1375

Published: June 26, 2021

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments can provide tight environment‐phenotype matching. However, the prerequisite is a reliable environmental cue(s) that enables organisms to use current information induce development of phenotype with high fitness forthcoming environment. Here, we quantify predictability timing precipitation and temperature change examine how this associated seasonal polyphenism tropical Mycalesina butterflies. Seasonal tropics typically results distinct selective environments, wet dry seasons, changes be major cue. We sampled communities butterflies from two locations one aseasonal location. Quantifying using wavelet analysis Colwell's indices confirmed strong periodicity over 12‐month period at both compared one. seasonality differed between locations. further show that: (a) most females synchronize their reproduction seasons by breeding season but arresting season. In contrast, all species breed throughout year location (b) locations, not those location, exhibited wing pattern traits (eyespot size). conclude its are primary factors shaping evolution butterflies, populations or secondarily evolve local adaptations for cue depend on variation

Language: Английский

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The evolution of carotenoid‐based plumage colours in passerine birds

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92(1), P. 66 - 77

Published: July 28, 2022

Many birds use carotenoids to colour their plumage yellow red. Because cannot synthesise carotenoids, they need obtain these pigments from food, although some species metabolise dietary (which are often yellow) into derived (often red). Here, we study the occurrence of and red carotenoid-based colours in passerines, largest bird radiation quantify effects potential ecological life-history drivers on evolution. We scored presence/absence nearly 6,000 Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models assess carotenoid-availability diet, primary productivity, body size, habitat sexual selection. also test widespread assumption that more likely be result metabolization. Finally, analyse pattern evolutionary transitions between determine whether, as predicted, evolution precedes show that, expected, both evolve smaller with carotenoid-rich diets. Yellow colours, but not red, prevalent inhabit environments higher productivity closed vegetation. In general, females were have males closely matching Our analyses confirm metabolised than colours. Evolutionary gains losses indicate evolved readily already deposited while reverse was rarely case. provides evidence for a directional trend which This may render them potentially better indicators quality, thus favoured by

Language: Английский

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