Genomic Prediction of (Mal)Adaptation Across Current and Future Climatic Landscapes

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 245 - 269

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

Signals of local adaptation have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the heterogeneity distribution adaptive genetic variation throughout species ranges. In coming decades, global climate change is expected to induce shifts selective pressures that shape this variation. These changes will likely result varying degrees maladaptation spatial reshuffling underlying distributions alleles. There a growing interest using population genomic data help predict future disruptions locally gene-environment associations. One motivation behind such work better understand how effects changing on populations’ short-term fitness could vary spatially across Here we review current use disruption climates. After assessing goals motivationsunderlying approach, main steps associated statistical methods currently explore our understanding limits potential genomics (mal)adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Biotic interactions are more often important at species’ warm versus cool range edges

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 2427 - 2438

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Abstract Predicting which ecological factors constrain species distributions is a fundamental question and critical to forecasting geographic responses global change. Darwin hypothesised that abiotic generally impose species’ high‐latitude high‐elevation (typically cool) range limits, whereas biotic interactions more often low‐latitude/low‐elevation warm) but empirical support has been mixed. Here, we clarify three predictions arising from Darwin's hypothesis show previously mixed partially due researchers testing different predictions. Using comprehensive literature review (885 limits), find interactions, including competition, predation parasitism, contributed >60% of limits influenced warm than cool limits. Abiotic temperature frequently both Our results suggest most will be sensitive climate warming, warm‐limit in particular depend strongly on interactions.

Language: Английский

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Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 634 - 652

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Abstract Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss genetic diversity, maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed safeguard populations maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns gene flow via deliberate movement genotypes environment generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation environmental management. These diverse strategies go various names ranging from evolutionary rescue provenancing resurrection. Our aim here is provide some clarification terminology how these connected linked underlying processes. We draw on case studies literature outline mechanisms that underlie increase fitness impact wider community. argue understanding leading decline community a key successful implementation strategies. emphasize need consider nature source recipient populations, as well associated risks trade‐offs for This overview highlights where have potential population, species, ecosystem scales, but also they should probably not attempted depending overall aims intervention. advocate an approach short‐ long‐term integrated into decision framework considers nongenetic aspects

Language: Английский

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Plant adaptation to climate change—Where are we?

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 58(5), P. 533 - 545

Published: June 18, 2020

Abstract Climate change poses critical challenges for population persistence in natural communities, agriculture and environmental sustainability, food security. In this review, we discuss recent progress climatic adaptation plants. We evaluate whether climate exerts novel selection disrupts local adaptation, gene flow can facilitate adaptive responses to change, phenotypic plasticity could sustain populations the short term. Furthermore, how influences species interactions. Through a more in‐depth understanding of these eco‐evolutionary dynamics, will increase our capacity predict potential plants under change. addition, review studies that dissect genetic basis plant Finally, highlight key research gaps, ranging from validating function elucidating molecular mechanisms, expanding systems model other species, testing fitness consequences alleles environments, designing multifactorial closely reflect complex interactive effects multiple factors. By leveraging interdisciplinary tools (e.g., cutting‐edge omics toolkits, ecological strategies, newly developed genome editing technology), researchers accurately probability persist through rapid intense period as well cultivate crops withstand conserve biodiversity systems.

Language: Английский

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Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems

Arctic Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 572 - 608

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start end, plant access to nutrients. Here, we review current knowledge snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost microbial processes, biogeochemical cycling. We compare studies natural gradients with experimental manipulation assess time scale difference these approaches. The number tundra has increased considerably recent years, yet still lack a comprehensive overview how altered conditions will affect ecosystems. Specifically, found mismatch timing snowmelt when comparing manipulations. that achieved by addition removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance 5.5 delay, respectively) were substantially lower than temporal variation over spatial within given year (mean range 56 days) or among years 32 days). Differences between study approaches need be accounted projecting dynamics their impact on ecosystems future climates.

Language: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Language: Английский

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Local Adaptation: Causal Agents of Selection and Adaptive Trait Divergence

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 87 - 111

Published: July 25, 2022

Divergent selection across the landscape can favor evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local is widely observed a diversity taxa, yet we have surprisingly limited understanding mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few experimentally confirmed biotic and abiotic variables promote adaptation, fewer identified phenotypic targets mediate adaptation. Here, highlight critical gaps our process discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations agents drive phenotypes they target, genetic basis these phenotypes. We review historical contemporary methods for assessing explore whether manifests differently life history, evaluate constraints on

Language: Английский

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Incorporating Genetic Diversity to Optimize the Plant Conservation Network in the Third Pole

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Climate change poses a significant threat to the survival of many species. Although protected areas can slow down biodiversity loss, they often lack systematic planning and do not integrate genetic diversity. Genetic diversity is key prerequisite for species ability tolerate new conditions. Using population distribution data from 96 plant in Third Pole (encompassing Tibetan Plateau adjacent mountains), we mapped patterns diversity, projected climate-driven range dynamics future erosion, designed an optimal conservation framework region. We identified several patches high haplotype (HD), with relatively number haplotypes southeastern Pole. Regression models revealed that climate topography have interacted shape latitude precipitation being best predictors HD cpDNA nrDNA, respectively. Ecological niche modeling predicted approximate 43 km northwestward 86 m upward shift suitable habitats under scenarios, likely leading loss up 13.19% 15.49% nrDNA Alarmingly, 71.20% newly priority fall outside existing planned National Park Clusters. Therefore, recommend expanding network by 2.02 × 105 km2 (5.91%) Pole, increasing total conserved area 1.36 106 (39.93%) effectively preserve evolutionary potential plants. This study represents innovative attempt incorporate into efforts.

Language: Английский

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High elevation insect communities face shifting ecological and evolutionary landscapes

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 1 - 6

Published: April 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Importance of species translocations under rapid climate change

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 775 - 783

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

Species that cannot adapt or keep pace with a changing climate are likely to need human intervention shift more suitable climates. While hundreds of articles mention using translocation as climate-change adaptation tool, in practice, assisted migration conservation action remains rare, especially for animals. This is due concern over introducing species places where they may become invasive. However, there other barriers consider, such time-frame mismatch, sociopolitical, knowledge and uncertainty conservationists adopting go-to strategy. We recommend the following advance tool: attempt migrations at small scales, translocate little invasion risk, adopt robust monitoring protocols trigger an active response, promote political public support.Importancia de las Reubicaciones Especies bajo el Cambio Climático Acelerado Resumen Las especies que no pueden adaptarse o mantener ritmo del cambio climático probablemente requieran la intervención humana para mudarse climas más adecuados. Mientras cientos artículos mencionan uso reubicaciones como una herramienta adaptación al climático, en práctica, migración asistida todavía es rara acción conservación, especialmente animales. Lo anterior se debe preocupación existe por introducción sitios los podrían volverse invasoras. Sin embargo, existen otras barreras deberían considerarse, aquellas ocasionadas desfase marco temporal, cuestiones sociopolíticas, conocimiento incertidumbre conservacionistas adoptan estrategia cajón. Recomendamos lo siguiente avance conservación: intentar realizar migraciones asistidas pequeñas escalas, reubicar con poco riesgo invasión, adoptar protocolos monitoreo robustos generen respuesta activa y promover apoyo público político.不能适应或跟上气候变化的物种可能需要人类干预以迁移到气候更适宜的地区。虽然已有数百篇文献提到利用辅助迁移作为物种适应气候变化的工具, 但在实践中, 这样的保护行动仍然很少, 特别是对动物来说。这可能是因为人们担心将物种引入新环境可能导致物种的入侵扩散。然而, 保护主义者采用辅助迁移作为首选策略还面临着其它阻碍, 如时限不匹配, 社会政治因素, 知识不足以及不确定性等。为了推动辅助迁移在保护中的应用, 我们建议先尝试小尺度的辅助迁移, 对入侵风险低的物种进行迁移, 采用能引发有效反应的稳健监测方案, 以及加大政治及公众的支持。 【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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