Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 5, 2022

Abstract Earth’s forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite vital importance of to global ecosystem services, their fates a warming world remain highly uncertain. Lacking is quantitative determination commonality climate anomalies pulses tree mortality—from published, field-documented mortality events—required for understanding role extreme events overall patterns. Here we established geo-referenced database documenting climate-induced spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies “hotter-drought fingerprint” these tree-mortality sites—effectively drier signal mortality—across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots. Frequency observed mortality-year conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming. also provides initial footing further community-developed, quantitative, ground-based monitoring mortality.

Language: Английский

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Ecological memory of recurrent drought modifies soil processes via changes in soil microbial community

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Climate change is altering the frequency and severity of drought events. Recent evidence indicates that may produce legacy effects on soil microbial communities. However, it unclear whether precedent events lead to ecological memory formation, i.e., capacity past influence current ecosystem response trajectories. Here, we utilize a long-term field experiment in mountain grassland central Austria with an experimental layout comparing 10 years recurrent single event ambient conditions. We show droughts increase dissimilarity communities compared control events, enhance multifunctionality during (calculated via measurements potential enzymatic activities, nutrients, biomass stoichiometry belowground net primary productivity). Our results indicate community composition changes concert its functioning, consequences for processes. The formation under resilience functioning against future

Language: Английский

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Multi-sensor remote sensing for drought characterization: current status, opportunities and a roadmap for the future

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 112313 - 112313

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 5086 - 5103

Published: May 24, 2022

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations terrestrial ecosystems potentially long-term impacts on ecosystem structure functioning after drought has subsided are often called 'drought legacies'. While immediate effects have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding legacies just emerging. Drought relate all aspects functioning, involving changes at species community scale as alterations soil properties. This consequences for responses subsequent drought. Here, we synthesize current knowledge underlying mechanisms. We highlight relevance legacy duration different processes using examples carbon cycling composition. present hypotheses characterizing how intrinsic (i.e. biotic abiotic properties processes) extrinsic timing, severity, frequency) factors could alter resilience trajectories under scenarios recurrent events. propose ways improving their implications needed assess longer-term droughts functioning.

Language: Английский

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Evidence and attribution of the enhanced land carbon sink

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 518 - 534

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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European beech dieback after premature leaf senescence during the 2018 drought in northern Switzerland

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1132 - 1145

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

During the particularly severe hot summer drought in 2018, widespread premature leaf senescence was observed several broadleaved tree species Central Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). For beech, it is yet unknown whether evoked a decline towards mortality or trees can recover longer term. In this study, we monitored crown dieback, and secondary damage symptoms 963 initially live that exhibited either normal 2018 three regions northern Switzerland from to 2021. We related multiple climate- stand-related parameters. Cumulative continuously increased up 7.2% 1.3% 2021 for with respectively. Mean dieback surviving peaked at 29.2% 2020 8.1% 2019 senescence, Thereafter, showed first signs of recovery. Crown more pronounced recovery slower growing on drier sites, larger trees. The presence bleeding cankers 24.6% 10.7% bark beetle holes 22.8% 14.8% Both occurred frequently had higher proportions and/or 2018. Our findings demonstrate context-specific differences reflecting importance regional local climate soil conditions. Adapting management increase forest resilience gaining importance, given expected further dry sites Switzerland.

Language: Английский

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Wood density and hydraulic traits influence species’ growth response to drought across biomes

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 3871 - 3882

Published: Feb. 6, 2022

Tree species display a wide variety of water-use strategies, growth rates and capacity to tolerate drought. However, if we want forecast cope with increasing aridity drought, need identify which measurable traits confer resilience drought across species. Here, use global tree ring network (65 species; 1931 site series ring-width indices-RWI) evaluate the relationship long-term growth-drought sensitivity (RWI-SPEI index relationship) short-term response extreme episodes (resistance, recovery indices) functional related leaf, wood hydraulic properties. Furthermore, assess influence climate (temperature, precipitation climatic water deficit) on these trait-growth relationships. We found close correspondence between RWI SPEI resistance severe episodes. Species displaying stronger RWI-SPEI low high tended have higher density (WD) more negative leaf minimum potential (Ψmin). Such associations were largely maintained when accounting for direct effects. Our results indicate that, at cross-species level scale, explain species' responses short- scales. These relationships can improve our understanding withstand change inform models better predict effects forest ecosystem dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 248 - 248

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

A combined severe heatwave and drought, starting in 2018 lasting for several months, restarted the discussion on resistance of European beech to climatic changes, with growth reductions, early leaf senescence, browning, diebacks reported across Central Europe. These responses may result long-term impacts such as reduced vitality beech, especially under potential future drought periods. While 2003 caused crown damage defoliation a loss vitality, resulting insect fungal infestations subsequent dieback, was even more terms geographical scale, duration, intensity reports complete mortality were exacerbated some regions by consecutive 2019 secondary attacks from pathogens, well further vitality. Such enhanced exposure trees could push them beyond their hydraulic safety margins. Moreover, legacy effects due past droughts lead lower recovery over time, potentially leading tree death. In order better predict Europe, both short- influence post-drought should be explored, adaptive forest management strategies evaluated. synergistic or additive interactions biotic disturbances, require investigation. Long-term monitoring data facilitates investigations beech.

Language: Английский

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Drought‐induced increase in tree mortality and corresponding decrease in the carbon sink capacity of Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 2274 - 2285

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Canada's boreal forests, which occupy approximately 30% of forests worldwide, play an important role in the global carbon budget. However, there is little quantitative information available regarding spatiotemporal changes drought-induced tree mortality overall and their associated impacts on biomass dynamics. Here, we develop spatiotemporally explicit estimates corresponding sink capacity from 1970 to 2020. We show that average annual rate 2.7%. Approximately 43% have experienced significantly increasing trends (71% are located western region country), these accelerated since 2002. This increase has resulted significant losses at approximate 1.51 ± 0.29 MgC ha-1 year-1 (95% confidence interval) with total loss 0.46 0.09 PgC interval). Under drought condition increases predicted for this century, act as a will be further reduced, potentially leading positive climate feedback effect.

Language: Английский

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Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 5579 - 5593

Published: Nov. 24, 2020

Abstract. A flash drought is characterized by its rapid onset and arouses widespread concerns due to devastating impacts on the environment society without sufficient early warnings. The increasing frequency of soil moisture droughts in a warming climate highlights importance understanding impact terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies investigated vegetation dynamics during several extreme cases drought, but there no quantitative assessment how fast carbon fluxes respond based decade-long records with different climates conditions. Here we identify events considering decline rate persistency, detect response ecosystem water recovery stages observations at 29 FLUXNET stations from croplands forests. Corresponding sharp higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD), gross primary productivity (GPP) drops below normal conditions first 16 d decreases minimum within 24 for more than 50 % 151 identified events, savannas show highest sensitivity drought. Water use efficiency increases forests cropland savanna stage droughts. These results demonstrate responses resistance forest ecosystems

Language: Английский

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