Tomato Defenses Under Stress: The Impact of Salinity on Direct Defenses Against Insect Herbivores

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Abiotic stressors, such as salt stress, can reduce crop productivity, and when combined with biotic pressures, insect herbivory, exacerbate yield losses. However, salinity‐induced changes to plant quality defenses in turn affect herbivores feeding on plants. This study investigates how salinity stress tomato plants ( Solanum Lycopersicum cv. Better Boy) impacts the behavior performance of a devastating pest, fruitworm caterpillar Helicoverpa zea ). Through choice assays experiments, we demonstrate that salt‐stressed are poor hosts for H. , negatively affecting preferences growth rates. While nutritional were observed, primary factor influencing appears be direct ionic toxicity, which significantly impairs multiple life history parameters including survival, pupation, adult emergence, fecundity. Plant defense responses show complex interactions between two proteinase inhibitor genes ‐ PIN2 AspPI showing higher induced response herbivory under conditions. do not seem main driver reduced salt‐treated Furthermore, report oviposition by moths plants, was correlated altered volatile emissions. Our findings reveal exhibits optimal host selection behaviours both larval decisions, likely contribute its success an agricultural pest. research provides insights into abiotic physiology, behaviour, potential implications pest management strategies saline environments.

Language: Английский

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Puddling in butterflies: current knowledge and new directions

Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract Puddling, a behavior in which butterflies and other insects aggregate on mineral-rich substrates such as mud, animal excrement, carrion, even human perspiration, is well-documented phenomenon both temperate tropical regions. This thought to compensate for the limited access micronutrients adult diet that are important fitness, primarily sodium nitrogen, essential nervous system function, growth, reproductive processes. In this review, we consolidate existing knowledge butterfly puddling highlight key gaps our understanding. The review organized into 4 main themes: benefits of puddling, social dynamics sensory cues site selection, behavioral variation across species We explore how nutrient preferences influenced by diet, environmental factors, evolutionary history, with particular focus role nitrogen. also discuss potential including its impact mating success fecundity. addition, consider mechanisms use locate suitable sites. Lastly, give short overview moths. identifies several areas future research, particularly understanding adaptive significance different taxa environments.

Language: Английский

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Aridity‐Driven Non‐Linear Shift of Plant Sodium Allocation Strategy at Regional and Global Scales

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Plants allocate sodium (Na) to leaves and roots as an adaptation salinity drought, potentially modulating herbivory ecosystem carbon cycling. However, large‐scale spatial patterns environmental drivers of plant Na allocation remain unclear. Location China the world. Time Period Field data were collected between 2013 2019. Literature 1970 2024. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods We compiled a global database paired leaf (Na Leaf ) root Root content, combining field observations from 2183 species across 72 Chinese ecosystems with globally synthesised literature records. Results The pattern is primarily regulated by aridity. Generally, plants more in humid zones but arid zones. Furthermore, aridification leads abrupt non‐linear increases ratio Leaf:Root when aridity exceeds critical threshold (0.814 for 0.774 community). Importantly, response consistently observed community levels biomes. Main Conclusions Our findings demonstrate flexible drought on large scale. Projected could amplify threshold‐exceeding regions, possibly enhancing activity herbivores decomposers triggering cascading impacts structure cycling rate.

Language: Английский

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Sodium Retention in Large Herbivores: Physiological Insights and Zoogeochemical Consequences

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

ABSTRACT The assimilation, retention, and release of nutrients by animals fundamentally shapes their physiology contributions to ecological processes (e.g., zoogeochemistry). Yet, information on the transit through bodies large mammals remains scarce. Here, we examined how sodium (Na), a key element for animal health ecosystem functioning, travels differently fecal urinary systems cows ( Bos taurus ) horses Equus ferus caballus ). We provided dose Na compared its timing in feces urine that nonabsorbable markers. excretion occurred approximately twice as fast feces, yet both were shorter than indigestible particle These differences correspond rapid absorption upper gastrointestinal tract transport blood kidneys (urine excretion) or resecretion into lower intestinal (fecal excretion). Interestingly, cows, found second peak > 96 h after dosage. This result may indicate surplus can be rapidly absorbed stored specific body cells skin), from which it is later released. Using propagule dispersal model, distance cattle‐ horse‐driven nutrient was 31% 36% less pathway 60% 41% marker pathway, commonly used estimate dispersal. Future physiological zoogeochemical studies should resolve different pathways retention mammals.

Language: Английский

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Transformative strategies for saline soil restoration: Harnessing halotolerant microorganisms and advanced technologies

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 41(5)

Published: April 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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