Contrasting responses of above- and belowground diversity to multiple components of land-use intensity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 24, 2021

Abstract Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, understanding how different components land use drive loss requires the investigation multiple trophic levels across spatial scales. Using data from 150 agricultural grasslands in central Europe, we assess influence local- and landscape-level on more than 4,000 above- belowground taxa, spanning 20 groups. Plot-level land-use intensity strongly negatively associated with aboveground groups, but positively or not Meanwhile, both groups respond to use, drivers: diversity promoted by diverse surrounding land-cover, while related high permanent forest cover landscape. These results highlight role shaping communities, suggest that revised agroecosystem management strategies are needed conserve whole-ecosystem biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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We should not necessarily expect positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in observational field data

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 2537 - 2548

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Abstract Our current, empirical understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function is based on two information sources. First, controlled experiments which show generally positive relationships. Second, observational field data variable This latter source coupled with a lack observed declines in local has led to argument that biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships may be uninformative for conservation management. We review ecological theory re‐analyse several datasets argue correlations diversity are often difficult interpret context research. occurs because biotic interactions filter species during community assembly means there can high effect even low diversity. indicates we should not necessarily expect any specific data. Rather, linking predictions from requires considering pool available colonisation: pool. suggest that, without declines, loss at regional scales—which determines pools—may still negatively affect functioning.

Language: Английский

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Feedback between climate change and eutrophication: revisiting the allied attack concept and how to strike back

Inland Waters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 187 - 204

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Despite its well-established negative impacts on society and biodiversity, eutrophication continues to be one of the most pervasive anthropogenic influences along freshwater marine continuum. The interaction between climate change, particularly warming, was explicitly focused upon a decade ago by Brian Moss others in "Allied attack: change eutrophication," which called for an integrated response both problems, given their apparent synergy. In this review, we summarise advances theoretical framework empirical research issue analyse current understanding major drivers mechanisms can enhance eutrophication, vice versa, with particular focus shallow lakes. Climate affect nutrient loading through changes at catchment landscape levels affecting hydrological patterns fire frequency temperature effects cycling. Biotic communities interactions also directly indirectly affected leading overall weakening resilience impacts. Increasing evidence now indicates several eutrophying aquatic systems increasingly act as important sources greenhouse gases atmosphere, methane. We highlight potential feedback among cyanobacterial blooms, change. Facing challenges simultaneously is more pressing than ever. Meaningful strong measures waterbody are therefore required if ensure ecosystem safe water supply, conserve decrease carbon footprint freshwaters.

Language: Английский

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Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1388 - 1423

Published: April 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Language: Английский

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Reviving Europe's rivers: Seven challenges in the implementation of the Nature Restoration Law to restore free‐flowing rivers

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract The EU Nature Restoration Law represents an important opportunity for freshwater habitat restoration and, consequently, biodiversity protection. However, a number of challenges must be anticipated in its implementation, which may compromise success. Some aspects, particularly those relating to ecosystems, require more clarification. We use riverine ecosystems illustrate existing ambiguities the proposed legislation and potential consequences leaving these aspects open interpretation during implementation process. also discuss solutions problems could help ensure that law's objectives are met. argue river network structure connectivity dimensions, result into meta‐ecosystems, explicitly considered. For purpose, we ask clear definitions critical terms “free‐flowing rivers,” “barriers,” “reference areas.” In addition, recommend developing methods integrated assessment across networks. As key property this used prioritize actions increase length free‐flowing rivers. Adequate planning at larger spatial scales will benefit from meta‐ecosystem perspective accurate representation aquatic‐terrestrial linkages, significantly improve efficacy efforts. Furthermore, stakeholder citizen engagement offer opportunities local, national, European scales, should fostered inclusive decision‐making. conservation outlined here rivers, but they have implications other ecosystems. These considerations useful policymakers, conservationists, stakeholders involved related policy initiatives. This article is categorized under: Water Life > Stresses Pressures on Ecosystems Conservation, Management, Awareness Human Governance

Language: Английский

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Temporal changes in spatial variation: partitioning the extinction and colonisation components of beta diversity

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 1063 - 1072

Published: March 14, 2021

Abstract The last two decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in beta diversity, the spatial variation species composition, from local to global scales. However, analytical challenges hampered empirical ecologists quantifying extinction and colonisation processes behind these changing diversity patterns. Here, we develop a novel numerical method additively partition temporal into components that reflect extinctions colonisations. By applying this datasets, revealed spatiotemporal community dynamics were otherwise undetectable. In mature forests, found resulted tree communities becoming more spatially heterogeneous, while colonisations simultaneously caused them homogenise. coral communities, detected non‐random disassembly reassembly following an environmental perturbation, with temporally varying balance between Partitioning dynamic underlie can provide mechanistic insights organisation of biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Microbial Dispersal

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 6, 2022

Dispersal is simply defined as the movement of species across space and time. Despite this terse definition, dispersal an essential process with direct ecological evolutionary implications that modulate community assembly turnover. Seminal studies have shown environmental context (e.g., local edaphic properties, resident community), timing frequency, traits, collectively account for patterns distribution resulting in either their persistence or unsuccessful establishment within communities. key importance process, relatively little known about how operates microbiomes divergent systems types. Here, we discuss parallels macro- micro-organismal ecology a focus on idiosyncrasies may lead to novel mechanisms by which affects structure function microbiomes. Within implications, revise short- long-distance microbial through active passive mechanisms, coalescence, these align recent advances metacommunity theory. Conversely, enumerate can affect diversification rates promoting gene influxes communities and/or shifting genes allele frequencies

Language: Английский

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Local biodiversity change reflects interactions among changing abundance, evenness, and richness

Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(12)

Published: July 23, 2022

Biodiversity metrics often integrate data on the presence and abundance of multiple species. Yet our understanding covariation between changes to numbers individuals, evenness species relative abundances, total number remains limited. Using individual-based rarefaction curves, we show how expected positive relationships among in abundance, richness arise, they can break down. We then examined interdependencies more than 1100 assemblages sampled either through time or across space. As predicted, were greatest when changed same direction, countervailing acted constrain magnitude richness. Site-to-site differences evenness, decoupled, pairwise these components weak. In contrast, strongly correlated for varying time. Temporal local biodiversity showed greater inertia stronger component compared site-to-site variation. Overall, variation assemblage diversity was rarely due repeated passive samples from an approximately static distribution. Instead, changing abundances dominated diversity. Moreover, combined with frequently determined changes. Embracing provide new information better understand change Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Moving beyond the “Diversity Paradox”: The Limitations of Competition-Based Frameworks in Understanding Species Diversity

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200(1), P. 89 - 100

Published: March 24, 2022

AbstractOver the past century, ecologists have attempted to understand patterns of species diversity by showing stable coexistence arising from a baseline expectation competitive exclusion. This stems an explicit assumption resource scarcity and implicit assumptions Malthusian struggle winner-takes-all dynamics. Fidelity exclusion principle (CEP) presents as paradox: if compete for limited resources, how can they coexist? In this article, we investigate contradiction between theoretical empirical prevalence multispecies communities. We trace persistence CEP in ecological research despite numerous challenges explore publishing trends suggesting that framework has resulted disproportionate focus on competition contemporary research. From critical science studies perspective, analyze sociopolitical factors contributed these patterns. argue must excavate ideological foundation which competition-based been built move beyond current perceived "diversity paradox." To end, propose shifting research, introducing notion principle, positions communities rule rather than exception nature.

Language: Английский

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Animal tracking moves community ecology: Opportunities and challenges

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 91(7), P. 1334 - 1344

Published: April 7, 2022

Abstract Individual decisions regarding how, why and when organisms interact with one another their environment scale up to shape patterns processes in communities. Recent evidence has firmly established the prevalence of intraspecific variation nature its relevance community ecology, yet challenges associated collecting data on large numbers individual conspecifics heterospecifics have hampered integration into ecology. Nevertheless, recent technological statistical advances GPS‐tracking, remote sensing behavioural ecology offer a toolbox for integrating processes. More than simply describing where go, movement provide unique information about interactions environmental associations from which true individual‐to‐community framework can be built. By linking paths both data, ecologists now simultaneously quantify interspecific Eltonian (biotic interactions) Grinnellian (environmental conditions) factors underpinning assemblage dynamics, substantial logistical analytical must addressed these approaches realize full potential. Across communities, empirical support conservation applications reveal metacommunity dynamics via tracking‐based dispersal data. As multi‐species tracking are surmounted, we envision future movements ecological signatures will bring resolution many enduring issues

Language: Английский

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