Competition contributes to both warm and cool range edges

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 6, 2022

Abstract Competition plays an important role in shaping species’ spatial distributions. However, it remains unclear where and how competition regulates range limits. In a field experiment with plants originating from low high elevations conducted across elevation gradient the Swiss Alps, we find that both lowland highland species can better persist presence of within, rather than beyond, their ranges. These findings suggest helps set lower upper limits these species. Furthermore, reduced ability pairs or to coexist beyond edges is mainly driven by diminishing niche differences; changes differences relative fitness drive weakening competitive dominance over increasing elevation. results highlight need account for interactions investigate underlying coexistence mechanisms understand current future

Language: Английский

---

Effects of species interactions on the potential for evolution at species' range limits

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1848)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Species' ranges are limited by both ecological and evolutionary constraints. While there is a growing appreciation that constraints include interactions among species, like competition, we know relatively little about how contribute to at species' niche range limits. Building on concepts from community ecology biology, review biotic can influence adaptation limits impeding the demographic conditions facilitate evolution (which term 'demographic pathway adaptation'), and/or imposing trade-offs with abiotic environment (a 'trade-offs pathway'). theory for former well-developed, not, empirical evidence scarce both. Therefore, develop model illustrate fitness along gradients could affect potential expansion following release. The shows which genotypes favoured edges depend strongly context nature of trade-offs. Experiments characterize properly account needed predict species will expand their or in response environmental change. This article part theme issue 'Species' face changing environments (Part II)'.

Language: Английский

---

Marine protected areas' positive effect on fish biomass persists across the steep climatic gradient of the Mediterranean Sea

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(4), P. 638 - 649

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract The positive effect of fully protected marine areas (MPAs) on biodiversity, and specifically fishes, has been widely documented. In contrast, the potential MPAs to mitigate impact adverse climatic conditions seldom investigated. Here, we assessed effectiveness MPAs, quantified as increasing fish biomass, across wide geographic environmental gradients Mediterranean Sea. We performed underwater visual surveys within outside characterize assemblages in 52 rocky reef sites an extent over 3300 km. used steep spatial temperature gradient a ‘space‐for‐time’ substitution infer climate‐driven temporal changes. found that, expected, increased biomass. At same time, higher seawater temperatures are associated with decreased changes species composition, shifts towards more thermophilic species. Importantly, that rate decrease biomass was similar between fished sites. Taken together, these results suggest capacity harbour compared surrounding areas, is maintained broad range. will not be able offset larger‐scale biotic alterations climate change. Policy implications . Our sustained warming likely reduce Sea shift community structure, requiring conservative targets for fishery regulations. protection from fishing remain important management tool even future high‐water temperatures, expected continue provide local‐scale benefits conservation fisheries.

Language: Английский

---

A Case for the “Competitive Exclusion–Tolerance Rule” as a General Cause of Species Turnover along Environmental Gradients

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202(1), P. 1 - 17

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

AbstractClosely related, ecologically similar species often segregate their distributions along environmental gradients of time, space, and resources, but previous research suggests diverse underlying causes. Here, we review reciprocal removal studies in nature that experimentally test the role interactions among determining turnover gradients. We find consistent evidence for asymmetric exclusion coupled with differences tolerance causing segregation pairs, where a dominant excludes subordinate from benign regions gradient is unable to tolerate challenging which adapted. Subordinate were consistently smaller performed better typically occupied by compared native distribution. These results extend ideas contrasting competitive ability adaptation abiotic stress include broader diversity (intraguild predation, reproductive interference) gradients, including biotic challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest challenge compromises performance antagonistic species. The consistency this pattern across organisms, environments, biomes generalizable processes structuring disparate phenomenon propose should be named exclusion-tolerance rule.

Language: Английский

---

The role of climate change and niche shifts in divergent range dynamics of a sister-species pair

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: March 9, 2023

Species ranges are set by limitations in factors including climate tolerances, habitat use, and dispersal abilities. Understanding the governing species range dynamics remains a challenge that is ever more important our rapidly changing world. can shift if environmental changes affect available habitat, or niche connectivity of changes. We tested how availability, niche, could contribute to divergent sister-species pair. The great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) has expanded its northward from Texas Nebraska past 40 years, while closest relative, boat-tailed major), remained tied coasts Atlantic Ocean Gulf Mexico as well interior Florida. created distribution models trained on citizen science data 1970-1979 2010-2019 determine availability types occupied, range-wide have changed for both species. found two occupy distinct habitats shifted larger breadth urban, arid environments farther natural water sources. Meanwhile, limited warm, wet, coastal environments. no evidence affected either Overall, results suggest realized part rapid expansion, may be shaped change. expansion occupied consistent with observations high behavioral flexibility expand their geographic using human-altered habitat. This investigation identifies opposite responses anthropogenic change drive dynamics, elucidating will continue shape ranges.

Language: Английский

---

Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought‐induced range shifts in woody plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(1), P. 23 - 40

Published: July 27, 2023

Summary Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking with plant performance appears solid, predictive ability individual remains generally low. In this review, we address apparent paradox, emphasizing examples woody plants associated drought responses at species' rear edge. Low reflects fact not only that dynamics tend be complex multifactorial, as well uncertainty in identification relevant limited data availability, but also trait effects are scale‐ context‐dependent. The latter results from interactions among (e.g. compensatory effects) between them environment exposure), ultimately determine persistence colonization capacity. To confront complexity, more balanced coverage main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration dispersal) is needed, modelling approaches must developed explicitly account for: coordination hierarchical context; variability space time its relationship exposure; effect biotic an ecological community context.

Language: Английский

---

Temperate species underfill their tropical thermal potentials on land

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1993 - 2003

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Understanding how temperature determines the distribution of life is necessary to assess species’ sensitivities contemporary climate change. Here, we test importance in limiting geographic ranges ectotherms by comparing temperatures and areas that species occupy could potentially on basis their physiological thermal tolerances. We find marine across all latitudes terrestrial from tropics closely match However, temperate polar are absent warm, thermally tolerable they beyond equatorward range limits, indicating extreme often not factor distributions at lower latitudes. This matches predictions hypothesis adaptation cold environments facilitates survival regions associated with a performance trade-off reduces abilities contend tropics, possibly due biotic exclusion. Our findings predict more direct responses warming cool edges species.

Language: Английский

---

Trees have overlapping potential niches that extend beyond their realized niches

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6704), P. 75 - 80

Published: July 4, 2024

Tree species appear to prefer distinct climatic conditions, but the true nature of these preferences is obscured by interactions and dispersal, which limit species' ranges. We quantified realized potential thermal niches 188 North American tree conduct a continental-scale test architecture niches. found strong consistent evidence that occurring at extremes occupy less than three-quarters their niches, overlap mean annual temperature ~12°C. These results clarify breadth tolerances temperate support centrifugal organization Accounting for nonrealized components ecological will advance theory prediction in global change ecology.

Language: Английский

---

Potential distribution of invasive crop pests under climate change: incorporating mitigation responses of insects into prediction models

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 15 - 21

Published: Oct. 30, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Understanding the biology of species' ranges: when and how does evolution change the rules of ecological engagement?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1848)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Understanding processes that limit species' ranges has been a core issue in ecology and evolutionary biology for many decades, become increasingly important given the need to predict responses of biological communities rapid environmental change. However, we still have poor understanding evolution at range limits its capacity change ecological 'rules engagement' define these communities, as well time frame over which this occurs. Here link papers current volume some key concepts involved interactions between margins. In particular, separate hypotheses about margins focus on hard limits, determine how genotypes interact with their environment, from those concerned soft where when local adaptation can persist space time. We show theoretical models empirical studies highlight conditions under gene flow expand contain them. doing so, emphasize complex interplay selection, demography population structure throughout geographical determines persistence communities. despite impressively detailed particularly invertebrates plants, few generalizations emerged outline directions future work such considering impact structural genetic variants metapopulation interaction mating systems non-random dispersal. This article is part theme 'Species' face changing environments (Part II)'.

Language: Английский

---