Impact of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation on Assemblages, Populations, and Individuals of Australasian Marsupials

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1413 - 1444

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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How to measure response diversity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract The insurance effect of biodiversity—that diversity stabilises aggregate ecosystem properties—is mechanistically underlain by inter- and intraspecific trait variation in organismal responses to the environment. This variation, termed response , is therefore a potentially critical determinant ecological stability. However, has yet be widely quantified, possibly due difficulties its measurement. Even when it been measured, approaches have varied. Here, we review methods for measuring from them distil methodological framework quantifying experimental and/or observational data, which can practically applied lab field settings across range taxa. Previous empirical studies on most commonly invoke traits as proxies aimed at capturing species’ Our approach, based environment-dependent any biotic or abiotic environmental variable, conceptually simple robust form response, including nonlinear responses. Given derivation data responses, this approach should more directly reflect than trait-based dominant literature. By even subtle environment-dependencies diversity, hope will motivate tests diversity-stability relationship new perspective, provide an mapping, monitoring, conserving dimension biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of Multiple Brooding in Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in Atlantic Canada

Canadian Journal of Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 17, 2024

Multiple brooding is an important component of reproductive success in many birds and the frequency this behaviour has been linked to intrinsic (e.g., age, experience) extrinsic factors weather food availability). When drive multiple brooding, it may be possible identify conservation actions support multiple-brooded species at risk. The Barn Swallow ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758), a aerial insectivore, currently listed as Threatened on Canada’s Species Risk Act. We examined how weather, landcover, presence livestock metal roofs (with associated heat) above nests affected likelihood Swallows nesting Nova Scotia New Brunswick, Canada. found that sites with lower proportion open habitats, including pastures, hayfields, lawns, within typical foraging range (i.e., 400 m) nests, were higher probability brooding. Also, less likely windy conditions. no effect other landcover types, conditions, or nests. possible, decreasing habitats around breeding could result rates turn, help slow population declines.

Language: Английский

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Severe fire regimes decrease resilience of ectothermic populations

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

Understanding populations' responses to environmental change is crucial for mitigating human-induced disturbances. Here, we test hypotheses regarding how three essential components of demographic resilience (resistance, compensation and recovery) co-vary along the distinct life histories lizard species exposed variable, prescribed fire regimes. Using a Bayesian hierarchical framework, estimate vital rates (survival, growth reproduction) with 14 years monthly individual-level data mark-recapture models parameterize stochastic integral projection from five sites in Brazilian savannas, each historically subjected different With these models, investigate weather, microclimate ecophysiological traits influence their rates, emergent history varying Overall, weather are better predictors species' rather than traits. Our findings reveal that severe regimes increase resistance but decrease or recovery abilities. Instead, populations have higher compensatory abilities at intermediate degrees severity. Additionally, identify generation time reproductive output as trends across climate. analyses demonstrate probability quantity reproduction proximal drivers species. suggest surpass tipping point achieve an alternative stable state persist. Thus, heterogeneity can aspects avoid high-severity homogenize environment. Despite being more resistant, long times low take longer recover cannot compensate much faster paces life. We emphasize constraints, such viviparity fixed clutch sizes, impact ability ectothermic benefit disturbances, underscoring relevance conservation assessments.

Language: Английский

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Sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Populations and ecological communities are changing worldwide, empirical studies exhibit a mixture of either declining or mixed trends. Confusion in global biodiversity trends thus remains while being major social, political, scientific importance. Part this variability may arise from the difficulty to reliably assess Here, we conducted literature review documenting temporal dynamics biodiversity. We classified differences among approaches, data methodology used by reviewed papers reveal common findings sources discrepancies. show that reviews meta-analyses, along with use indicators, more likely conclude declining. On other hand, longer available, nuanced they generate. Our results also highlight lack providing information on impact synergistic pressures scale, making it even difficult understand driving factors observed changes how decide conservation plan accordingly. Finally, stress importance taking into account confusion identified, as well complexity changes, order implement effective strategies. In particular, almost systematically assumed be linear, non-linear largely neglected. Clarifying should strengthen large scale monitoring conservation.

Language: Английский

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