Effects of fragmentation on grassland plant diversity depend on the habitat specialization of species

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 109773 - 109773

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Island Biogeography

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Island Biogeography: Geo-environmental Dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Human Impact, and Conservation provides a synthetic review covering islands as model systems in the life sciences. It is centred on study of geographical distribution biodiversity how it changes through time, understood medium island biotas ecosystems. comprises four parts devoted turn to: environments; ecology; evolution; human impact conservation. describes origins dynamics different types key characteristics environments that shape their biotic characteristics. identifies theories ecology reviews progress towards evaluation development. sets out essential building blocks evolution emergent patterns insular endemism evolutionary syndromes animals plants. geo-environmental are crucial relevance to understanding developing improved explanatory predictive models ecological dynamics. application theory fragmented spread societies across world these subsequent colonization events environments, biotas, sustainability islands. evidence anthropogenic extinction islands, identifying drivers threats existing native species ecosystems, ways which may make particularly vulnerable certain external influences. considers distinctive conservation challenges solutions be effective

Language: Английский

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Deterministic assembly and anthropogenic extinctions drive convergence of island bird communities

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 1741 - 1755

Published: June 10, 2022

Abstract Aim Whether entire communities of organisms converge towards predictable structural properties in similar environmental conditions remains controversial. We tested for community convergence birds by comparing the structure oceanic archipelago assemblages with their respective regional species pools. Location Eighteen major archipelagos volcanic origin global distribution. Major taxa studied Terrestrial birds. Methods compiled a comprehensive database morphological trait and phylogenetic data 6,579 bird species, including known to have become extinct owing human activities. quantified dissimilarity among between pairs archipelagos, using modified version mean nearest taxon distance. estimating whether overall turnover pairwise were lower than expected chance. Results For all land birds, we found that body plan, mass phylogeny was significantly expected. Seventeen (of 18) showed significant plan similarity at least one other archipelago. Similar convergent patterns assembly detected different subsamples (extant endemics, native non‐endemics, Passeriformes only). Convergence more pronounced extant combined. Main conclusions Consistent archipelagic arises through combination non‐random colonization situ adaptation. In addition, from taxa, show both precedes is accentuated anthropogenic extinction endemic lineages. Our results highlight potential role generating existed even before extinctions, deterministic settings scale.

Language: Английский

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A global analysis of avian island diversity–area relationships in the Anthropocene

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 965 - 982

Published: March 29, 2023

Abstract Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs IPDARs, lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form these three categories diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, undertake first comparative evaluation IDARs at scale using 51 avian archipelagic data sets representing true habitat islands. Using null models, explore how richness‐corrected diversity with area. We also provide largest assessment impacts species introductions extinctions IDAR. Results show that increasing richness area is primary driver (non‐richness corrected) IPDAR IFDAR for many sets. several archipelagos, changes linearly area, suggesting dominant community assembly processes shift along gradient. find archipelagos steepest ISARs exhibit biggest differences slope between IDARs, indicating increased redundancy larger islands archipelagos. In cases introduced seem have ‘re‐calibrated’ such they resemble historic period prior recent extinctions.

Language: Английский

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Land-use change interacts with island biogeography to alter bird community assembly

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2018)

Published: March 13, 2024

Anthropogenic activities have reshaped biodiversity on islands worldwide. However, it remains unclear how island attributes and land-use change interactively shape multiple facets of through community assembly processes. To answer this, we conducted bird surveys in various types (mainly forest farmland) using transects 34 oceanic land-bridge the largest archipelago China. We found that species richness increased with area decreased isolation, regardless intensity change. forest-dominated habitats exhibited lower than farmland-dominated habitats. Island assemblages generally comprised share more similar traits or evolutionary histories (i.e. functional and/or phylogenetic clustering) expected if were randomly assembled. Contrary to our expectations, observed clustered large close islands, whereas small islands. These contrasting results indicate interacts biogeography alter birds inhabited Our findings emphasize importance incorporating human-modified when examining biota, further suggest agricultural landscapes may play essential roles protecting countryside biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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A Darwinian Survival Guide

The MIT Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

How humanity brought about the climate crisis by departing from its evolutionary trajectory 15,000 years ago—and how we can use principles to save ourselves worst outcomes. Despite efforts sustain civilization, faces existential threats overpopulation, globalized trade and travel, urbanization, global change. In A Darwinian Survival Guide, Daniel Brooks Salvatore Agosta offer a novel—and hopeful—perspective on meet these tremendous challenges changing discourse sustainability survival. evolution, world's only theory of survival, is means which biosphere has persisted renewed itself following past environmental perturbations, it never failed, they explain. Even in aftermath mass extinctions, enough survivors remain with potential produce new diversified biosphere. Drawing their expertise as field biologists, trace path early days humans through Late Pleistocene beginning Anthropocene all way Great Acceleration technological around 1950, demonstrating our creative capacities have allowed survive. However, constant conflict without resolution made not unsustainable, but unsurvivable. Guided four laws biotics, authors explain should interact rest each other accordance principles. They reveal middle ground between apocalypse utopia, two options: alter behavior now at great expense extend civilization or fail act rebuild those same If take latter, then immediate goal ought focus preserving many humanity's positive achievements—from high technology art—as possible shorten time needed rebuild.

Language: Английский

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Weaker Plant‐Frugivore Trait Matching Towards the Tropics and on Islands

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Biotic interactions play an important role in species diversification and maintenance and, thus, are regarded as the architecture of biodiversity. Since Darwin Wallace, biologists have debated whether biotic stronger towards tropics on continents, when compared to temperate regions islands. Here, based 354 avian frugivory networks accounting for 22,199 between 1247 bird 2126 plant species, we quantified trait matching strength, which reflects interaction strength specificity, across gradients latitude insularity globally. We found that beak size fruit was significantly poles with As underlining ecological factors, a larger proportion (measured mean fruits diets) network‐level size, smaller fleshy‐fruited botanical country where network located). These findings suggest latitudinal insular patterns driven by factors may relate co‐evolution interacting optimal foraging species.

Language: Английский

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The environmental conditions of endemism hotspots shape the functional traits of mammalian assemblages

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2018)

Published: March 13, 2024

Endemic (small-ranged) species are distributed non-randomly across the globe. Regions of high topography and stable climates have higher endemism than flat, climatically unstable regions. However, it is unclear how these environmental conditions interact with filter mammalian traits. Here, we characterize functional traits highly endemic assemblages in multiple ways, testing hypothesis that trait-filtered (less functionally diverse) dominated by associated small range sizes. Compiling trait data for more 5000 mammal species, calculated assemblage means multidimensional metrics to evaluate distribution each assemblage. We then related global World Wildlife Fund ecoregions using linear models phylogenetic fourth-corner regression. Highly had average body masses, low fecundity, short lifespans specialized habitats. These relate climate rough hotspots mammals' ability expand their ranges, suggesting allowed survival. Furthermore, living clustered near edges communities’ spaces, indicating abiotic filtering biotic interactions act tandem shape communities.

Language: Английский

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Habitat fragmentation reduced plant functional diversity in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 112975 - 112975

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Interspecific sociality alters the colonization and extinction rates of birds on subtropical reservoir islands

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1878)

Published: April 17, 2023

Island biogeography theory has proved a robust approach to predicting island biodiversity on the assumption of species equivalency. However, differ in their grouping behaviour and are entangled by complex interactions communities, such as competition mutualism. We here investigated whether intra- and/or interspecific sociality may influence biogeographic patterns, affecting movement between islands or persistence them. classified bird subtropical reservoir system into subcommunities based propensity join monospecific mixed-species flocks. found that which had high flock interspecifically higher colonization rates lower extinction over 10-year period. Intraspecific increased same analysis. A phylogenetically corrected analysis confirmed importance sociality, but not intraspecific sociality. Group-living could enable risk crossings, with greater vigilance also linked foraging efficiency, enabling long-term islands. Further, if group members other species, can be minimized. Future studies should investigate different kinds systems, considering positive driven social potential drivers community assembly This article is part theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups aggregations: shaping ecological behavioural patterns processes’.

Language: Английский

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