Evolution of plant specialized metabolites: beyond ecological drivers

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Different tools for different trades: contrasts in specialized metabolite chemodiversity and phylogenetic dispersion in fruit, leaves, and roots of the neotropical shrubs Psychotria and Palicourea (Rubiaceae)

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

Abstract Plants produce an astonishingly diverse array of specialized metabolites. A crucial step in understanding the origin such chemodiversity is describing how manifests across spatial and ontogenetic scales relevant to plant–biotic interactions. Focusing on 21 sympatric species Psychotria Palicourea sensu lato (Rubiaceae), we describe patterns metabolite diversity using a combination field collections, untargeted metabolomics, ecoinformatics. We compare α, β, γ metabolites expanding leaves, unripe pulp, immature seed, ripe mature fine roots. Within species, fruit tissues from stages had ≥α than ≤β leaves. Pooled highest all organs, combined higher incidence organ‐specific mass spectral features Roots ≤α leaves lowest β organs. Phylogenetic correlations chemical distance varied by plant organ class. Our results organs provide support for contributions chemodiversity. This study contributes growing within evolutionary ecology biological diversification. Future studies combining our data with biotic interaction experiments can test existing hypotheses roles ecological interactions evolution

Language: Английский

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Chemical plasticity and volatile organic compound diversity in Anthemis cotula L.: variations across growth cycles, plant organs, and elevations

Chemoecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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How does plant chemodiversity evolve? Testing five hypotheses in one population genetic model

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Summary Plant chemodiversity, the diversity of plant‐specialized metabolites, is an important dimension biodiversity. However, there are so far few mathematical models to test verbal hypotheses on how chemodiversity evolved. Here, we develop such a model predictions five hypotheses: ‘fluctuating selection hypothesis’, ‘dominance reversal interaction hypothesis, synergy and screening hypothesis. We build population genetic plant attacked by herbivore species whose occurrence fluctuates over time. study using analysis individual‐based simulations. As predicted can be maintained if alleles conferring defense metabolite dominant with respect benefits, but recessive costs. even smaller changes in dominance maintain polymorphism. Moreover, our results underpin elaborate hypotheses, and, extent that address it, hypotheses. By contrast, found only partial support for hypothesis’. In summary, have developed flexible tested various evolution chemodiversity. Next, more mechanistic needed explicitly consider organization metabolic pathways.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the chemodiversity of plants: Quantification, variation and ecological function

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract Plants produce a great number of phytochemicals serving variety different functions. Recently, the chemodiversity these compounds (i.e., diversity produced by plant) has been suggested to be an important aspect plant phenotype that may shape interactions between plants, their environment, and other organisms. However, we lack agreement on how quantify chemodiversity, which complicates conclusions about functional importance it. Here, discuss (deconstructed into components richness, evenness disparity) relate ecologically relevant aspects phenotype. Then, systematically review literature examine methodological practices, explore patterns variability in across levels biological organization, investigate role this plants Overall, reviewed suggests high is often beneficial for although heterogeneity approaches partly limits what general can drawn. Importantly, support future research topic, provide framework with decision tree facilitating choices measures are best used contexts outline key questions avenues research. A more thorough understanding will insights its evolution ecological environment.

Language: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary factors contribute to chemodiversity in aboveground and belowground cucurbit herbivore‐induced plant volatiles

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

When attacked by insect herbivores, plants emit blends of chemical compounds known as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Although HIPVs are produced both aboveground and belowground, how vary across tissues remains unresolved, do the selective forces shaping interspecific HIPV emission patterns. Here, we compared foliar root within among closely related species evaluated if different eco-evolutionary forces, including domestication, coexistence histories with or phylogenetic relatedness, explain blends. To examine belowground patterns in HIPVs, leaf volatile profiles for six Cucurbitaceae that differed domestication status history specialist herbivores. We predicted within-species from would be more similar than species, chemodiversity was reduced enhanced found herbivory induced quantitative qualitative changes emissions all which were pronounced belowground. Each tissue-specific species. Contrary to our predictions, diversity, while herbivores diversity. Additionally, relatedness did not correlate volatiles. Overall, this work furthers understanding driving emissions, elucidating an important previously undescribed component within-plant variation chemodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Effects of phytochemical diversity on multitrophic interactions

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 101228 - 101228

Published: June 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ontogeny and organ‐specific steroidal glycoside diversity is associated with differential expression of steroidal glycoside pathway genes in two Solanum dulcamara leaf chemotypes

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Solanaceous plants, such as Solanum dulcamara , produce steroidal glycosides (SGs). Leaf SG profiles vary among S. individuals, leading to distinct phytochemical phenotypes (‘chemotypes’) and intraspecific diversity (‘chemodiversity’). However, if how chemodiversity varies organs across ontogeny, this relates metabolism gene expression is unknown. Among plants with saturated ( S ) unsaturated U leaf chemotypes were selected clonally propagated. Roots, stems leaves harvested from vegetative flowering plants. Extracts analysed using untargeted LC–MS. Expression of candidate genes in SdGAME9 SdGAME4 SdGAME25 SdS5αR2 SdDPS was RT‐qPCRs. Our analyses showed that ontogeny ; richness D mg higher than In for roots. Lack ‐chemotype leaves, while readily expressed roots stems, suggests a pivotal role differentiation By acting an ontogeny‐dependent chemotypic switch, differential regulation enables adaptive allocation SGs, thereby increasing leaves. This indicates and/or glycoalkaloid genes, rather their presence or absence, explains observed variation ontogeny.

Language: Английский

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How does plant chemodiversity evolve? Testing five hypotheses in one population genetic model

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2024

Summary Plant chemodiversity, the diversity of plant specialized metabolites, is an important dimension biodiversity. However, there are so far few quantitative models to test verbal hypotheses on how chemodiversity evolved. Here we develop such a model predictions five hypotheses: “fluctuating selection hypothesis”, “dominance reversal interaction hypothesis, synergy and screening hypothesis. We build population genetic attacked by herbivore species whose occurrence fluctuates over time. study using mathematical analysis individual-based simulations. As predicted can be maintained if alleles conferring defense metabolite dominant with respect benefits, but recessive costs. even smaller changes in dominance maintain polymorphism. Moreover, our results underpin elaborate hypotheses, and, extent that address it, hypotheses. By contrast, found only partial support for hypothesis”. In summary, have developed flexible tested various evolution chemodiversity. Next, more mechanistic needed explicitly consider organization metabolic pathways.

Language: Английский

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Chemodiversity and Trypanocidal Activity of the Volatile Oils of Tropical Black Sage

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 1101 - 1115

Published: June 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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