Evolution & Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(5)

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Extensive research in evolutionary biology has focused on the exaggeration of sexual traits; however, developmental basis exaggerated traits only been determined a few cases. The evolution may involve relaxation constraints or processes mitigating constraints. Ground beetles subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus ) have species‐specific genitalia that show coevolutionary divergence between sexes. Here, we examined morphogenesis remarkably enlarged male and female uenoi by X‐ray microcomputed tomography. morphogenetic generating at pupal stage were qualitatively similar to those closely related species with standard genital sizes. Higher growth rates contributed both parts C. , possibly gene network commonly upregulated Additionally, length copulatory piece (CP), part stored aedeagus (AD), reached close AD later stages thereafter decelerated grow parallel AD, suggesting structural constraint CP outer AD. Then, unlike species, lengths increased eclosion, mechanism leading further elongation genitalia. These observations suggest process allows continuous even under spatial limitation. results revealed spatio‐temporal dynamics development structures

Language: Английский