Salmon hatchery strays can demographically boost wild populations at the cost of diversity: quantitative genetic modelling of Alaska pink salmon

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Hatcheries are vital to many salmon fisheries, with inherent risks and rewards. While hatcheries can increase the returns of adult fish, demographic evolutionary consequences for natural populations interacting hatchery fish on spawning grounds remain unclear. This study examined impacts stray hatchery-origin pink population productivity resilience. We explored temporal assortative mating dynamics using a quantitative genetic model that assumed only difference between hatchery- natural-origin adults was their return timing grounds. parameterized empirical data from an intensive multi-generational hatchery-wild interactions in world's largest fisheries enhancement program located Prince William Sound, Alaska. Across scenarios increasing presence grounds, our findings underscore trade-off preservation diversity. bolstered sizes towards local carrying capacities, introgression reduced variation by up 20%. Results indicated alleles rapidly assimilate into populations, despite fitness attributable phenotypic mismatches. These elucidate potential long-term arising specific interactions, emphasizing need management strategies balance conservation

Language: Английский

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Hatchery supplementation provides a demographic boost but alters age composition of sockeye salmon in Auke Lake, Southeast Alaska

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Evaluating salmon hatchery supplementation programs requires assessing not only program objectives but identifying potential risks to wild populations as well. Such evaluations can be hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between hatchery‐ and wild‐born returning adults. Here, we conducted 3 years (2011–2013) of experimental sockeye Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska where a permanent weir allows sampling genotyping every adult (2008–2019). We identified both adults with parentage assignment, quantified the productivity (adult offspring/spawner) spawners relative that spawners, compared run timing, age, size at age Hatchery‐spawning females produced from approximately six 50 times more than did naturally spawning females. Supplementation had no discernable effect on timing limited consequences for observed distinct shift younger maturity hatchery‐born individuals all three brood years. The appeared driven fish being likely emigrate after one, rather two, lake cause is unknown. In cases when or incubation habitat limiting production, effective enhancing number without risk phenotypic change recipient population, which an undesired outcome supplementation. This study adds growing body evidence suggesting within single generation captive might widespread programs.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic Sorting of Pink Salmon Hatchery Strays May Alleviate Adverse Impacts of Reduced Variation in Fitness‐Associated Traits

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Maladapted immigrants may reduce wild population productivity and resilience, depending on the degree of fitness mismatch between dispersers locals. Thus, domesticated individuals escaping into populations is a key conservation concern. In Prince William Sound, Alaska, over 700 million pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) are released annually from hatcheries, providing natural experiment to characterize mechanisms underlying impacts populations. Using dataset > 200,000 sampled 30 8 years, we detected significant body size phenological differences hatchery‐ wild‐origin spawners, likely driven by competitive during maturation broodstock selection practices. Variation in traits was reduced hatchery fish, raising biodiversity concerns. However, phenotypic locals were positively correlated. We discuss possible that explain this pattern how it adverse associated with trait variation. This study suggests domestication widespread, but local adaptation be maintained sorting.

Language: Английский

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From threats to solutions: A literature review of climate adaptation in anadromous salmon and trout

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Understanding the evolutionary responses of anadromous salmon and trout to climate change is critical for effective conservation planning. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review literature published from 2010 2020 synthesize current knowledge on impacts these fish populations. Specifically, focused 199 papers that explored processes in response changing environmental conditions. Our analysis revealed several key themes, including interwoven influences human activities genetic variation, phenotypic traits, population dynamics. We found geographic patterns diversity are closely linked climatic gradients, highlighting importance strategies variation existing adaptive capacity. Additionally, temporal trends phenology, maturation age, fecundity indicate ongoing plastic change. Importantly, were identified as significant drivers maladaptation emphasize need targeted monitoring specific mitigate loss enhance study underscores identifying protecting areas high rare genes, particularly regions projected experience rapid shifts. conclusion, our findings identify strengths gaps research investigating role dynamics face By capitalizing new tools sequencing, genomic analysis, automated field data collection, can establish baselines tracking Better integration into projections future will lead more ensure long‐term resilience iconic species other wildlife.

Language: Английский

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Conservation Aquaculture

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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The Genomics Revolution in Nonmodel Species: Predictions vs. Reality for Salmonids

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT The increasing feasibility of whole‐genome sequencing has been highly anticipated, promising to transform our understanding the biology nonmodel species. Notably, dramatic cost reductions beginning around 2007 with advent high‐throughput inspired publications heralding ‘genomics revolution’, predictions about its future impacts. Although such served as useful guideposts, value is added when statements are evaluated benefit hindsight. Here, we review 10 key made early in genomics revolution, highlighting those realised while identifying challenges limiting others. We focus on concerning applied aspects and examples involving salmonid species which, due their socioeconomic ecological significance, have frontrunners applications Predicted outcomes included enhanced analytical power, deeper insights into genetic basis phenotype fitness variation, disease management breeding program advancements. many materialised, several expectations remain unmet technological, knowledge barriers. Additionally, largely unforeseen advancements, including identification applicability large‐effect loci, close‐kin mark–recapture, environmental DNA gene editing under‐anticipated value. Finally, emerging innovations artificial intelligence bioinformatics offer new directions. This retrospective evaluation impacts genomic revolution offers for

Language: Английский

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Advances in salmonid genetics—Insights from Coastwide and beyond

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract This article summarizes the Special Issue of Evolutionary Applications focused on “Advances in Salmonid Genetics.” Contributions to this were primarily presented at Coastwide Genetics Meeting, held Boise, ID June 2023, with a focus Pacific salmonids west coast region North America. from other regions globe are also included and further convey importance various salmonid species across world. is comprised 22 articles that together illustrate major advances genetic genomic tools address fundamental applied questions for natural populations salmonids, ranging mixed‐stock analyses, conservation diversity, adaptation local environments. These studies provide valuable insight molecular ecologists since systems offer window into evolutionary applications parallel efforts relevant applicable beyond species. Here, we an introduction synopsis Issue, along future directions field. We present honor Fred Utter, founder leader field genetics, who passed away 2023.

Language: Английский

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