How hibernation in frogs drives brain and reproductive evolution in opposite directions

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 27, 2023

Environmental seasonality can promote the evolution of larger brains through cognitive and behavioral flexibility but also hamper it when temporary food shortage is buffered by stored energy. Multiple hypotheses linking brain with resource acquisition allocation have been proposed for warm-blooded organisms, remains unclear how these extend to cold-blooded taxa whose metabolism tightly linked ambient temperature. Here, we integrated across frogs toads in context varying brumation (hibernation) durations their environmental correlates. We showed that protracted covaried negatively size positively reproductive investment, likely response brumation-dependent changes socio-ecological associated selection on different tissues. Our results provide novel insights into strategies possible constraints trait diversification, which may important implications adaptability species under sustained change.

Language: Английский

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Physical and physiological impacts of ocean warming alter phenotypic selection on sperm morphology

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 646 - 657

Published: Nov. 8, 2019

Abstract Global warming may threaten fertility, which is a key component of individual fitness and vital for population persistence. For males, fertility relies on the ability sperm to collide fuse with eggs; consequently, morphology predicted be prime target selection owing its effects male function. In aquatic environments, will expose gametes external fertilizers physiological higher temperature physical lower viscosity. However, consequences either effect acting traits maintain are poorly understood. Here, we test how independent changes in water viscosity alter an externally fertilizing marine tubeworm. To create five fertilization manipulate reflect current‐day conditions (16.5°C), projected near‐term (21°C) long‐term (25°C), then adjust two more environments at 21°C 25°C 16.5°C 21°C, respectively. We use split‐ejaculate design measure focal their sperm, each environment. Projected act independently reduce but jointly morphology. Specifically, resulting from midpiece ways that suggest shifts energetic challenges functioning under stressful conditions. Selection also targets head dimensions tail length, irrespective provide first evidence ocean not only impact fertilizers, novel pressures drive them adapt response if gamete phenotypes sufficiently heritable. A free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information this article.

Language: Английский

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Latitudinal variation in body size in Fejervarya limnocharis supports the inverse of Bergmann’s rule

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 113 - 128

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract Bergmann’s rule states that within a species of endotherms smaller individuals are found in warmer conditions, which is consistent for nearly all endotherms, while ectotherms body size patterns less consistent. As ectothermic vertebrates, the morphology amphibians likely impacted by climatic conditions. Here, we examined latitudinal variation ranid frog, Fejervarya limnocharis , based on literature and our own data mean 3637 from 50 populations average age 2873 40 China. The results showed was positively correlated with environmental temperature, but not precipitation. Body negatively latitude among this species, supported inverse rule. Our findings suggest larger low-latitude associated longer growing season related to higher temperature.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary trade-offs between testes size and parenting in Neotropical glassfrogs

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2016)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

In males, large testes size signifies high sperm production and is commonly linked to heightened competition levels. It may also evolve as a response an elevated risk of depletion due multiple mating or clutch sizes. Conversely, weapons, mate guarding allow individuals monopolize events preclude competition, thereby reducing the selection testes. Herein, we examined how paternal care, sexual dimorphism (SSD), weaponry female fecundity are in glassfrogs. We found that care was associated with reduction relative size, suggesting evolutionary trade-off between parenting. Although females were slightly larger than males species tended have clutches, there no significant relationship SSD, size. These findings suggest evolution glassfrogs influenced by risk, rather risk. infer precludes fertilization other consequently diminishes selective pressure for Our study highlights prominent role external fertilization.

Language: Английский

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Brain size evolution in anurans: a review

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 265 - 279

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Abstract Selection pressure is an important force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate brain size among populations within species as well between species. The tightly linked to natural and sexual selection, life-history traits. In particular, increased environmental stress, intensity slower life history usually result enlarged brains. However, although previous studies have addressed causes evolution, no systematic reviews been conducted explain anurans. Here, we review whether supports cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH), expensive tissue (ETH), or developmental cost (DCH) by analyzing intraspecific and/or interspecific patterns regions (i.e., olfactory nerves, bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum) associated with ecological factors (habitat, diet predator risk), selection intensity, traits (age at maturity, mean age, longevity, clutch egg size, testis sperm length), other energetic organs. Our findings suggest that anurans CBH, ETH DCH. We also future directions for studying relationships crypsis ordinary mucous glands skin), food alteration different stages.

Language: Английский

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Effect of the temperature of activation medium on fish sperm quality: Impact on fertilization in vitro in aquaculture practice

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 434 - 451

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Abstract Motility is a key in spermatozoon function, determining semen quality and fertilizing capacity. fish spermatozoa occurs when they are diluted swimming solution, the adequacy of which determined by factors vary species. Spermatozoon motility rate velocity, as well duration period, influenced temperature medium. Increasing medium has significant negative effect on kinematics. It increases metabolism cells, causing mismatch energy resources promoting changes sperm movement. also generates an increase production reactive oxygen species (ROS) thus oxidative stress, moreover results inadequate capacity antioxidant enzymes to protect cell against effects stress induced higher temperatures. The aim this review update present knowledge about: mitochondria main source ATP; protein phosphorylation related motility; epigenetic regulation activation role ion channels motility. These mechanisms involved vital importance regulating fertilization, all can be environment. We emphasize investigating depth, especially context climate change changing water Our findings provide better understanding physiology, biological foundation for further development investigation, reproduction technologies.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Gene Expression in Liver of Hibernating Asiatic Toads (Bufo gargarizans)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 2363 - 2363

Published: Aug. 10, 2018

Hibernation is an effective energy conservation strategy that has been widely adopted by animals to cope with unpredictable environmental conditions. The liver, in particular, plays important role adaptive metabolic adjustment during hibernation. Mammalian studies have revealed many genes involved metabolism are differentially expressed the hibernation period. However, differentiation global gene expression between active and torpid states amphibians remains largely unknown. We analyzed liver of Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) using RNA-sequencing. In addition, we evaluated differential females males. A total 1399 were identified as females. Of these, expressions 395 significantly elevated responding stresses, well contractile proteins. 1004 down-regulated females, most which depression shifts utilization. 715 males, 337 up-regulated 378 down-regulated. 695 655 Similarly, 374 252 (mostly proteins) being Our findings suggest B. gargarizans Furthermore, there marked sex differences levels expression, showing compared more down-regulation gene-expression males than

Language: Английский

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Investigating the role of body size, ecology, and behavior in anuran eye size evolution

Evolutionary Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 585 - 598

Published: June 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology and evidence for sperm competition among parrots

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 856 - 867

Published: June 27, 2019

Abstract Sperm competition is an important component of post‐copulatory sexual selection that has shaped the evolution sperm morphology. Previous studies have reported a concurrently directional and stabilizing effect on size. For example, bird species show higher levels extrapair paternity larger testes (proxies for intensity competition) longer lower coefficients variation in length, both within between males. this reason, these traits been proposed as indexes to estimate level which other measures are not available. The relationship morphology explored mostly breed temperate zones, with main focus passerine birds. We measured 62 parrot mainly tropics related length life‐history potentially indicative competition. showed negatively correlated within‐male coefficient positively mass. also sexually dichromatic gregarious species. Our results support general validity hypothesis drives analyses suggest tropical species, more intense among at densities.

Language: Английский

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Variation in somatic condition and testis mass in Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 277 - 288

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract The competition for fertilization among sperm from different males can drive variation in male reproductive investments. However, the mechanisms shaping allocation and resulting variations investment relative to environmental variables such as resource availability male-male remain poorly known frogs. Here, we investigated inter-population somatic condition testis mass across four populations of swelled vent frog Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient. We found that did not increase with altitude, which was inconsistent previous predictions latitude and/or altitude should result decreased production anurans due shortened breeding seasons decline availability. also no male/female operational sex ratio altitude. exhibited a positive correlation mass, indicated condition-dependent size F. . Moreover, increasing suggest increased intensity competition, thereby mass.

Language: Английский

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