Semen evaluation: methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment

Animal Bioscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2021

Assessment of male fertility is based on the evaluation sperm. Semen measures various sperm quality parameters as indicators. However, semen has limitations, and it requires advancement application strict control methods to interpret results. This article reviews recent advances in evaluating sperm-specific characteristics methodologies, with help different assays assess sperm-fertility status. Sperm that include conventional microscopic methods, computer-assisted analyzers (CASA), flow cytometric analysis, provide precise information related morphology function. Moreover, profiling fertility-related biomarkers or seminal plasma can be helpful predicting fertility. Identification proteins diagnosis DNA damage positively contributed existing pool knowledge about physiology molecular anomalies associated infertility issues males. Advances subsequently resulted a better understanding biology improved clinical management factor infertility. Accurate paramount importance artificial insemination assisted reproductive technology. no single test precisely determine fertility; selection an appropriate set tests required accurately specific animal species. Therefore, need further calibrate CASA advance gene expression recommended for faster field-level applications. Keywords: Biomarkers; Fertility; Biology; Evaluation; Computer-assisted Analyzers (CASA)

Language: Английский

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Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 7 - 60

Published: April 21, 2021

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing haploid nucleus acrosomal exocytotic granule, flagellum, which generates energy propels cell; both structures are connected by neck. sperm’s aim to participate in fertilization, thus activating development. Despite this common bauplan function, there an enormous diversity structure performance of sperm cells. For example, mammalian spermatozoa may exhibit several head patterns overall lengths ranging from ∼30 350 µm. Mechanisms transport female tract, preparation for recognition interaction oocyte also show considerable variation. There has been much interest understanding origin diversity, evolutionary terms relation mechanisms underlying differentiation testis. Here, relationships between function examined at levels: first, analyzing selective forces that drive changes physiology understand adaptive values variation impact on male reproductive success second, examining cellular molecular formation testis explain how can give rise such wide array forms functions.

Language: Английский

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Status of Sperm Functionality Assessment in Wildlife Species: From Fish to Primates

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1491 - 1491

Published: May 21, 2021

(1) Background: in order to propagate wildlife species (covering the whole spectrum from suitable for aquaculture endangered species), it is important have a good understanding of quality their sperm, oocytes and embryos. While sperm analyses mainly used manual assessment past, such estimations are subjective largely unreliable. Accordingly, quantitative cutting-edge approaches required assess various aspects quality. The purpose this investigation was illustrate latest technology evaluation cut-off points distinguish differential grades fertility potential wide range vertebrate species. (2) Methods: computer-aided analysis (CASA) with an emphasis on motility, 3D tracking flagellar (FAST), as well morphology, vitality, acrosome status, fragmentation many other complimentary technologies. (3) Results: Assessing revealed great deal specificity. For example, freshwater fish like trout, swam typical tight helical pattern, but seawater motility more progressive. In amphibian species, velocity slow, contrast some bird (e.g., ostrich). Meanwhile, African elephant antelope fast progressive evident. most there high percentage morphologically normal generally, low percentages were observed vitality morphology evident monogamous (4) Conclusions: Sperm using methodologies CASA FAST analysis, methodologies, assisted better defining quality—specifically, functionality high-quality sperm. This approach will assist propagation

Language: Английский

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Fertilization mode differentially impacts the evolution of vertebrate sperm components

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Abstract Environmental change frequently drives morphological diversification, including at the cellular level. Transitions in environment where fertilization occurs (i.e., mode) are hypothesized to be a driver of extreme diversity sperm morphology observed animals. Yet how mode impacts evolution components—head, midpiece, and flagellum—each with different functional roles that must act as an integrated unit remains unclear. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining component lengths across 1103 species vertebrates varying (external vs. internal fertilization). Sperm length is explained part vertebrates, but influences varies among components vertebrate clades. We also identify evolutionary responses not influenced mode: midpieces evolve rapidly both external fertilizers. Fertilization thus through complex component- clade-specific responses.

Language: Английский

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The ancient and helical architecture of Elasmobranchii’s spermatozoa enables progressive motility in viscous environments

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0319354 - e0319354

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Subclass Elasmobranchii belongs to an old evolutionary class of Chondrichthyes that diverged 450 mya, presenting a wide diversity reproductive strategies while preserving the ancient mode internal fertilization. Despite such success, many species in this group are at serious risk extinction. Understanding principles sperm progressive motility and physiology vertebrates is crucial for advancing future assisted techniques safeguard deepening our understanding evolution reproduction. possess big spermatozoa (compared bony fishes) with elongated helical head tail similar one currently existing (but later diverged) birds, reptiles, amphibians, which can be considered ancient. These structures may associated necessity penetrate viscous ovarian fluid or jelly layer eggs, suggesting environmental viscosity as driving pressure shaping large-sized heads into shapes through evolution. We observed high-speed video microscopy capture flagellar motion three species: freshwater ray Potamotrygon motoro , marine skate Raja asterias shark Scyliorhinus canicula . investigated effect on parameters its ability break free from spermatozeugmata, move progressively, perform directional changes. After 20 min observation, spermatozeugmata conserved their structure low media 1000 mOsm/kg osmolality. In comparison, no remaining could found high-viscosity 2% methylcellulose (MC) all due motion. find spermatozoa’s unique head-to-flagellum architecture specific promote locomotion fluid; they cannot progressively viscosity. The highest velocity was 0.75% MC 1% sperm. Viscosity stabilizes propagation, producing rotational forces allowing “screw” media. Our observations suggest surrounding critical enabling control direction via newly buckling high As such, key element controlling regulating performance navigation during fertilization species.

Language: Английский

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Ultrastructure and phylogenetic significance of spermatozoa in Nemertea

Zoomorphology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 143(2), P. 269 - 291

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract Sperm ultrastructure is frequently employed as a source for phylogenetic inference due to the ease of accessing spermatozoa. Despite being unicellular, sperm cells exhibit relatively high number diverse characters and character states. Spermatozoa are subject strong sexual selection they finely tuned maximizing male reproductive success. Given this functional constraint, one might anticipate emergence convergent in line with similar modes reproduction. As result, it be expected that do not possess substantial signal, constraints overshadowing any evolutionary heritage. To test assumption, we conducted study on 11 nemertean species, representing closely related groups major lineages. We analyzed these data their signal within context most recent phylogenies. Our findings demonstrate that, at all systematic levels, imposed by selection, or mode reproduction supersede influence historical ultrastructure.

Language: Английский

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Methodological considerations for examining the relationship between sperm morphology and motility

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 87(6), P. 633 - 649

Published: May 16, 2020

Abstract Sperm cells of all taxa share a common goal to reach and fertilize an ovum, yet sperm are one the most diverse cell types in nature. While structural diversity these is well recognized, functional significance variation design remains elusive. An important function spermatozoa need migrate toward ova, often over long distances foreign environment, which may include complex hostile female reproductive tract. Several comparative experimental studies have attempted address link between morphology motility, conclusions drawn from inconsistent, even within same taxa. Much what we know about internally fertilizing species has been gleaned vitro studies, for parameters vary among studies. We propose that discordant results part due lack consistency methods, conditions do not replicate those tract, overuse simple linear measures shape. Within this review, provide toolkit imaging, quantifying, analyzing movement patterns discuss emerging approaches. Results linking motility enhance our understanding evolution adaptive traits mechanisms regulate fertility, thus offering new insights into methods used assisted technologies animal science, conservation public health.

Language: Английский

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Self-adaptive and efficient propulsion of Ray sperms at different viscosities enabled by heterogeneous dual helixes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(23)

Published: June 4, 2021

Significance For decades, the propulsion of sperms has been traditionally attributed to beating or rotating soft tails. However, this work disclosed an unusual swimming model Ray whose is from not only helical tail but also unique spiral head (i.e., can contribute ∼31% force in propulsion). Such a mechanism provides with high adaptability large environmental viscosities along advantages linearity, straightness, and efficiency. This study expands our knowledge on microorganisms’ motion inspirations for engineering design.

Language: Английский

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Sperm divergence in a passerine contact zone: Indication of reinforcement at the gametic level

Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 73(2), P. 202 - 213

Published: Dec. 31, 2018

Postcopulatory sexual selection may promote evolutionary diversification in sperm form, but the contribution of between‐species divergence morphology to origin reproductive isolation and speciation remains little understood. To assess possible role isolation, we studied two closely related bird species, common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) thrush luscinia), that hybridize a secondary contact zone spanning Central Eastern Europe. We found: (1) striking between species total length, accompanied by difference length mitochondrial component; (2) greater sympatry than allopatry, with evidence for character displacement head detected L. megarhynchos; (3) interspecific hybrids showing intermediate parental no decreased quality (the proportion abnormal spermatozoa ejaculates). Our results demonstrate does not result intrinsic postzygotic contribute postcopulatory prezygotic isolation. This could be strengthened reinforcement.

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology and forward motility are indicators of reproductive success and are not age- or condition-dependent in a captive breeding population of endangered snake

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. e0282845 - e0282845

Published: March 10, 2023

The relationship between male ejaculate traits and reproductive success is an important consideration for captive breeding programs. A recovery plan the endangered Louisiana pinesnake includes release of young to wild. Semen was collected from twenty snakes motility, morphology, membrane viability were measured each male. analyzed in relation fertilization rate eggs produced pairings with a single female (% fertility) determine factors contributing success. In addition, we investigated age- condition-dependence trait. We found significant variation males normal sperm morphology ( x¯ = 44.4 ± 13.6%, n 19) forward motility id="M2">

Language: Английский

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