Longer Sperm Swim More Slowly in the Canary Islands Chiffchaff

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1358 - 1358

Published: May 31, 2021

Sperm swimming performance affects male fertilization success, particularly in species with high sperm competition. Understanding how morphology impacts is therefore important. speed hypothesized to increase total length, relative flagellum length (with the generating forward thrust), and midpiece (as contains mitochondria). We tested these hypotheses for divergence traits five island populations of Canary Islands chiffchaff (Phylloscopus canariensis). confirmed incipient mitochondrial DNA differentiation between Gran Canaria other islands. correlated negatively did not correlate (for only). The proportion motile cells increased on only. was similar across thus add a growing number studies passerine birds that do support morphology–swimming hypotheses. suggest mechanics are sufficiently different from mammalian predictions hydrodynamic models should no longer be applied this taxon. While both likely under selection passerines, relationship them requires further elucidation.

Language: Английский

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Sperm Sizer: a program to semi-automate the measurement of sperm length

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(5)

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Biophysical Determinants and Constraints on Sperm Swimming Velocity

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(21), P. 3360 - 3360

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Over the last 50 years, sperm competition has become increasingly recognised as a potent evolutionary force shaping male ejaculate traits. One such trait is swimming speed, with faster associated increased fertilisation success in some species. Consequently, are often thought to have evolved be longer order facilitate movement. However, despite intrinsic appeal of this argument, operate different biophysical environment than we used to, and instead increasing length may not necessarily higher velocity. Here, test four predictive models (ConstantPower Density, Constant Speed, Power Transfer, Force) relationship between speed. We collated published data on morphology velocity from 141 animal species, tested for structural clustering then compared model predictions across all morphologically similar clusters. Within five morphological clusters sperm, did find significant positive total Instead, found evidence Speed model, which predicts that power output determined by flagellum so proportional length. Our results show (size, width) speed complex traditional do capture interactions involved. Future work therefore needs incorporate only better understanding how microfluid environment, but also importance fertilising i.e., internal external fertilisers. The microenvironment critical form

Language: Английский

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Karyotype depends on sperm head morphology in some amniote groups

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 6, 2024

The karyotype of an organism is the set gross features that characterize way genome packaged into separate chromosomes. It has been known for decades different taxonomic groups often have distinct karyotypic features, but whether selective forces act to maintain these differences over evolutionary timescales open question. In this paper we analyze a database and sperm head morphology in 103 mammal species with spatulate heads 90 sauropsid (birds non-avian reptiles) vermiform heads. We find larger area more chromosomes, while longer wider range chromosome lengths. These results remain significant after controlling size, so relevant variable. This suggest post-copulatory sexual selection, by acting on shape, can influence architecture.

Language: Английский

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Sperm: Comparative Vertebrate

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology and performance in relation to postmating prezygotic isolation in two recently diverged passerine species

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 24, 2022

Abstract Divergence in sperm phenotype and female reproductive environment may be a common source of postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) isolation between species. However, compared to other barriers it has received much less attention. In this study, we examined morphology velocity two hybridizing passerine species, the nightingale ( Luscinia megarhynchos ) thrush L. luscinia ). addition, for first time characterized tract fluid proteome. We demonstrate that spermatozoa have significantly longer wider midpiece (proximal part flagellum containing mitochondria) tail nightingale. On hand, they shorter narrower acrosome. Importantly, these differences did not any effect on velocity. Furthermore, from females differentially affect conspecific heterospecific sperm. Our results indicate observed changes acrosome size are unlikely contribute PMPZ through differential tract. could postcopulatory processes, which might involved isolation, such as storage, longevity or sperm-egg interaction.

Language: Английский

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Egg‐induced changes to sperm phenotypes shape patterns of multivariate selection on ejaculates

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 797 - 807

Published: March 3, 2020

Sperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic diversity and rapid rates of evolution, yet the adaptive value most sperm traits remains equivocal. Recent findings suggest that to understand how selection targets ejaculates, we must recognize female-imposed physiological conditions often alter phenotypes. These changes may influence relationships among their association with fitness. Here, show chemical substances released by eggs (known modify physiology behaviour) patterns on a suite in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. We use multivariate analyses characterize linear nonlinear acting (a) seawater alone (b) containing egg-derived chemicals (egg water). Our revealed canonical axes multiple (notably velocity, linearity percentage motile sperm) was important form overall, but importantly these were only evident when phenotypes measured egg water. reveal subtle way females can selection, implication overlooking environmentally moderated sperm, result erroneous interpretations (co)variation traits.

Language: Английский

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Sperm velocity in a promiscuous bird across experimental media of different viscosities

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1931), P. 20201031 - 20201031

Published: July 14, 2020

In species with internal fertilization, the female genital tract appears challenging to sperm, possibly resulting from selection on for example ovarian fluid control sperm behaviour and, ultimately, fertilization. Few studies, however, have examined effects of swimming media viscosities performance. We quantified velocity in promiscuous willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus. used both a reaction norm and character-state approach model phenotypic plasticity across three experimental different viscosities. Compared standard medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM), enriched 1% or 2% w/v methyl cellulose decreased by up about 50%. Spermatozoa ejaculates males responded similarly viscosities, lack covariance between elevations slopes individual velocity-by-viscosity norms indicated that spermatozoa high- low-velocity were slowed down similar degree when confronted high-viscosity environments. Positive cross-environment (1% versus cellulose) covariances under suggested performance represents transitive trait, rank order maintained expressed against environmental backgrounds. Importantly, significant involving concentration 0% pure DMEM represented qualitatively environment, questioning validity this widely assaying Enriching environments along ecologically relevant gradients prior assessing will strengthen explanatory power vitro studies behaviour.

Language: Английский

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Sperm maturation and male tactic‐specific differences in ejaculates in the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 434 - 445

Published: Jan. 31, 2019

Using the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus, a species with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), we investigated how sperm maturation shapes competitive abilities. We compared performance and morphology before after final by sampling from testes stripped ejaculates of guarders sneakers. In accordance competition risk theory, sneaker males had three times as much guarder produced faster swimming than males, but this was only case occurred. Additionally, fully mature found in larger heads midpieces testes. These results emphasize important role played non-sperm components an ejaculate mediating potentially also morphology.

Language: Английский

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Sperm head abnormalities are associated with excessive omega‐6 fatty acids in two finch species feeding on sunflower seeds

Journal of Avian Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(3)

Published: Feb. 8, 2019

In a rapidly changing world, it is important to understand how urban environments impact wildlife. For example, supplementary feeding of birds, though well‐intended, might have unexpected negative effects on the health individual animals. Sunflower seeds are commonly provided in garden bird feeders, but they contain high levels linoleic acid (LA), an omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty (PUFA). Omega‐6 PUFAs associated with increased oxidative stress, which can damage cell membranes, and particular sperm cells. We assessed level LA blood two seed‐eating finch species, greenfinches Chloris chloris hawfinches Coccothraustes coccothraustes , caught direct access sunflower seed feeders (Norway), compared these smaller number individuals sampled rural area low incidence (Czech Republic). Furthermore, we investigated relationship between proportion (as well as 10 other acids) quality (the frequency head abnormalities swimming speed). found that both particularly near exhibited were considerably higher than those previously reported for wild birds. also was positively correlated abnormal heads (sperm missing acrosome), while there no significant effect composition speed. Our results indicate finches may be negatively affected by intake seeds, adding growing body research showing detrimental side This relevant greenfinch, currently disease population declines.

Language: Английский

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