Glycosaminoglycans, Instructive Biomolecules That Regulate Cellular Activity and Synaptic Neuronal Control of Specific Tissue Functional Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2554 - 2554

Published: March 12, 2025

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a diverse family of ancient biomolecules that evolved over millennia as key components in the glycocalyx surrounds all cells. GAGs have molecular recognition and cell instructive properties when attached to surface extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans (PGs), which act effector molecules regulate cellular behavior. The perception mechanical cues arise from perturbations ECM microenvironment allow undertake appropriate biosynthetic responses maintain composition tissue function. PGs substituted with provide structural support weight-bearing tissues an ability withstand shear forces some contexts. This review outlines complexity functional they convey PGs. important roles cartilaginous fibrocartilages subject tension high also vascular neural tissues. Specific synaptic stabilization specificity plasticity regulation neurophysiological CNS/PNS control A better understanding GAG instructional behavior may be insightful for development GAG-based biotherapeutics designed treat dysfunction disease processes novel repair strategies following trauma. significant level sophistication many contexts, needs fully deciphered order achieve useful therapeutic product. offers exciting opportunities modern glycomics arena.

Language: Английский

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Glycosaminoglycans: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Neurological Diseases: A Mini-Review

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 151861 - 151861

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Crucial Triad: Endothelial Glycocalyx, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Cardiac Surgery—Exploring the Molecular Connections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 10891 - 10891

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Since its introduction, the number of heart surgeries has risen continuously. It is a high-risk procedure, usually involving cardiopulmonary bypass, which associated with an inflammatory reaction that can lead to perioperative and postoperative organ dysfunction. The extent complications following cardiac surgery been focus interest for several years because their impact on patient outcomes. Recently, numerous scientific efforts have made uncover complex mechanisms interaction between inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction occur after surgery. Numerous factors, such as surgical anesthetic techniques, hypervolemia hypovolemia, hypothermia, various drugs used during trigger development systemic response release species. They affect endothelium, especially glycocalyx (EG), thin surface layer responsible vascular hemostasis, permeability leukocytes endothelium. This review highlights current knowledge molecular involved in dysfunction, particularly degradation EG. In addition, major events stress responses surgery, EG, clinical implications these summarized discussed detail. A better understanding underlying leading needed improve management develop effective strategies prevent adverse outcomes complicate recovery.

Language: Английский

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Glycosaminoglycans Exhibit Distinct Interactions and Signaling with Bmp2 According to Their Nature and Localization

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

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Language: Английский

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Differential regulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis in fibroblasts cocultured with normal vs. cancerous prostate cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate a wide range of biological activities in both physiological and pathological conditions. Altered expression or deregulated function HSPGs their heparan (HS) chains significantly contribute to carcinogenesis as well crucially depends on the functioning complex system HS biosynthetic/modifying enzymes termed “GAGosome”. Here, we aimed at investigating profile cell culture model stroma-epithelial crosstalk searching for transcription factors potentially related regulation genes involved. Coculture BjTERT-fibroblasts with normal PNT2 human prostate epithelial cells resulted significant downregulation (2-4-fold) transcriptional activity metabolism-involved ( EXT1/2, NDST1/2, GLCE, HS2ST1, HS3ST1/2, HS6ST1/2, SULF1/2, HPSE ) types, whereas coculture cancer (LNCaP, PC3, DU145) demonstrated no interchanges. Human Transcription Factor RT 2 Profiler PCR array manual RT-PCR verification supposed FOS, MYC, E2F, SRF, NR3C1 potential candidates and/or coordination biosynthesis. Taken together, biosynthetic fibroblasts during might be controlled by intercellular communication, reflecting adaptation these each other. The is attenuated abrogated if interact making independent limiting effects fibroblasts, thus contributing possibility unlimited growth progression. Overall, data demonstrate an ability cell-cell interactions affect biosynthesis-involved genes.

Language: Английский

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