Salmon hatchery strays can demographically boost wild populations at the cost of diversity: quantitative genetic modelling of Alaska pink salmon

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Hatcheries are vital to many salmon fisheries, with inherent risks and rewards. While hatcheries can increase the returns of adult fish, demographic evolutionary consequences for natural populations interacting hatchery fish on spawning grounds remain unclear. This study examined impacts stray hatchery-origin pink population productivity resilience. We explored temporal assortative mating dynamics using a quantitative genetic model that assumed only difference between hatchery- natural-origin adults was their return timing grounds. parameterized empirical data from an intensive multi-generational hatchery-wild interactions in world's largest fisheries enhancement program located Prince William Sound, Alaska. Across scenarios increasing presence grounds, our findings underscore trade-off preservation diversity. bolstered sizes towards local carrying capacities, introgression reduced variation by up 20%. Results indicated alleles rapidly assimilate into populations, despite fitness attributable phenotypic mismatches. These elucidate potential long-term arising specific interactions, emphasizing need management strategies balance conservation

Language: Английский

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A single generation in the wild increases fitness for descendants of hatchery‐origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Reintroduction is an important tool for the recovery of imperiled species. For threatened Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) species, hatchery-origin (HOR) individuals from a nearby source are often used to reestablish populations in vacant, historically occupied habitat. However, this approach challenged by relatively low reproductive success that HOR experience when they spawn wild, relative their natural-origin (NOR) counterparts. In study, we genetic parentage analysis compare three groups adult Chinook salmon tshawytscha) reintroduced above Cougar Dam on South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon: integrated stock; first-generation, wild-born descendants (hereafter F 1s) produced at same hatchery; and NOR presumed have been below dam, mainstem or elsewhere volitionally entered trap Dam. We found 1s nearly as many offspring NORs, 1.8-fold more than HORs. This result suggests that, reintroduction program, single generation wild increases fitness salmon. Although these results encouraging, care must be taken before extrapolating our other systems.

Language: Английский

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An epigenetic toolbox for conservation biologists

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Ongoing climatic shifts and increasing anthropogenic pressures demand an efficient delineation of conservation units accurate predictions populations' resilience adaptive potential. Molecular tools involving DNA sequencing are nowadays routinely used for these purposes. Yet, most the existing focusing on sequence‐level information have shortcomings in detecting signals short‐term ecological relevance. Epigenetic modifications carry valuable to better link individuals, populations, species their environment. Here, we discuss a series epigenetic monitoring that can be directly applied various contexts, complementing already molecular frameworks. Focusing sequence‐based methods (e.g. methylation, which applications readily available), demonstrate how (a) identification epi‐biomarkers associated with age or infection facilitate determination individual's health status wild populations; (b) whole epigenome analyses identify signatures selection linked environmental conditions estimating potential (c) epi‐eDNA (epigenetic DNA), epigenetic‐based tool, presents non‐invasive sampling method monitor biological beyond mere presence individuals. Overall, our framework refines strategies, ensuring comprehensive understanding species' persistence ecologically relevant timescales.

Language: Английский

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A review of catfish (Siluriformes) hybridization

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic Sorting of Pink Salmon Hatchery Strays May Alleviate Adverse Impacts of Reduced Variation in Fitness‐Associated Traits

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Maladapted immigrants may reduce wild population productivity and resilience, depending on the degree of fitness mismatch between dispersers locals. Thus, domesticated individuals escaping into populations is a key conservation concern. In Prince William Sound, Alaska, over 700 million pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) are released annually from hatcheries, providing natural experiment to characterize mechanisms underlying impacts populations. Using dataset > 200,000 sampled 30 8 years, we detected significant body size phenological differences hatchery‐ wild‐origin spawners, likely driven by competitive during maturation broodstock selection practices. Variation in traits was reduced hatchery fish, raising biodiversity concerns. However, phenotypic locals were positively correlated. We discuss possible that explain this pattern how it adverse associated with trait variation. This study suggests domestication widespread, but local adaptation be maintained sorting.

Language: Английский

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From threats to solutions: A literature review of climate adaptation in anadromous salmon and trout

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Understanding the evolutionary responses of anadromous salmon and trout to climate change is critical for effective conservation planning. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review literature published from 2010 2020 synthesize current knowledge on impacts these fish populations. Specifically, focused 199 papers that explored processes in response changing environmental conditions. Our analysis revealed several key themes, including interwoven influences human activities genetic variation, phenotypic traits, population dynamics. We found geographic patterns diversity are closely linked climatic gradients, highlighting importance strategies variation existing adaptive capacity. Additionally, temporal trends phenology, maturation age, fecundity indicate ongoing plastic change. Importantly, were identified as significant drivers maladaptation emphasize need targeted monitoring specific mitigate loss enhance study underscores identifying protecting areas high rare genes, particularly regions projected experience rapid shifts. conclusion, our findings identify strengths gaps research investigating role dynamics face By capitalizing new tools sequencing, genomic analysis, automated field data collection, can establish baselines tracking Better integration into projections future will lead more ensure long‐term resilience iconic species other wildlife.

Language: Английский

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Emigration and Survival of Hatchery‐Reared Coho Salmon Released as Parr and Smolts in a Reintroduction Program

River Research and Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Releasing fish at varied life stages is an underutilized hatchery‐rearing practice. Columbia River Treaty tribes have been working to reintroduce extirpated Coho Salmon historical habitats in upper watersheds. This effort has included the release of hatchery‐origin both parr and smolt Yakima Basin (Washington State USA), a tributary River. We evaluated releases smolts tagged with passive integrated transponders over 11 brood years. assessed emigration timing, survival, age‐at‐return for two groups. Emigrating juveniles released as had higher survival arrived downstream earlier than parr. Survival from locations adult return did not significantly differ However, we observed difference apparent marine mean juvenile‐to‐adult rates greater smolts. Parr also tended older age releases. Our results indicate that implementing practices reduce homogenization hatchery may produce diversity benefits mature later stages. Given rapid ecosystem changes Pacific are experiencing throughout their cycles, such this increasing utility import.

Language: Английский

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Otolith and Genomic Data Reveal Temporal Insights Into Stocking Across a Large River Basin in a Mobile, Long‐Lived Australian Freshwater Fish Species

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Freshwater ecosystems and their biota are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic stressors. In response to declining fish stocks, hatchery stocking programmes widely implemented as core components of restoration management strategies, with positive outcomes for some wild populations. Despite this, remains contentious due potential genetic ecological risks Monitoring evaluation critical ensuring the long-term sustainability populations, but identification stocked individuals post-release a key challenge, particularly mobile species. this study, we combined otolith (natal origin age) genomic data identify evaluate implications culturally socioeconomically important freshwater fish, golden perch Macquaria ambigua (family: Percichthyidae), across Australia's Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). We also generated chromosome-level genome assembly. Many close kin were detected MDB, in prevalence over recent decades mostly origin. Rivers many associated low effective population sizes (Ne < 100). Genetic signatures varied according local context, being most pronounced not restricted rivers considered functionally isolated purposes. Where into that part connected metapopulation, there is scope modify current practices avoid over-representation related individuals. Increased focus on diversity likely promote persistence wild.

Language: Английский

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Inter-annual dispersal stability within the Atlantic salmon metapopulation from the Bay of Biscay

Fisheries Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 284, P. 107323 - 107323

Published: March 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Strongholds for Pacific salmon: A proactive conservation strategy for ecosystem health, food security, biodiversity, and climate resilience

Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Nested within the linked global crises of biodiversity loss and climate change are threats to cultural ecological keystones such as Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., a group species with widespread ecological, cultural, economic value. Wild can rally public support for ecosystem protection link place-based conservation efforts benefits. Realizing these benefits depends on leveraging broad advance forward-looking approaches that safeguard food security, biodiversity, resilience. Here we provide insights from multidecadal implementation proactive wild strategy at scale North Rim. This approach is necessary complement policies focused preventing extinction after populations habitats degraded it provides globally significant contributions targets including recent 30 × goals Convention Biological Diversity.

Language: Английский

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