River network connectivity and fish diversity

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 689, P. 21 - 30

Published: June 24, 2019

Language: Английский

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Effects of dams decrease zooplankton functional β‐diversity in river‐associated lakes

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 63(7), P. 721 - 730

Published: April 17, 2018

Abstract In river–floodplain systems, the construction of dams causes environmental changes in natural dynamics rivers and associated wetlands, which can affect both taxonomic functional composition communities, and, consequently, ecosystem functioning. We evaluated zooplankton β‐diversity sets lakes with a preserved dammed river Neotropical floodplain. expected that measures would be lower than river. β‐Diversity was partitioned into turnover nestedness components, through multiple‐site dissimilarity measures, compared null models. more important for river, whereas species trait Functional higher among while not different between rivers. Contributions components were similar revealing loss extreme combinations from space. Comparisons observed revealed by no differences models Our results suggest is influenced damming such homogenisation occurs without change β‐diversity. propose maintenance tributaries floodplains, sustain heterogeneity, primarily if nearby environments are already dammed. Furthermore, we reinforce necessity pluralistic approach, considering aspects biodiversity management.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between staff and quality of care in care homes: StaRQ mixed methods study

Health and Social Care Delivery Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 139

Published: April 1, 2024

Background Quality of life and care varies between within the homes in which almost half a million older people live over direct staff (registered nurses assistants) work. The reasons are complex, understudied sometimes oversimplified, but their work significant influence. Objective(s) To explore variations home nursing support workforce; how resident relatives’ needs linked to staffing; different staffing models impact on quality, outcomes costs; workforce numbers, skill mix stability meet residents’ needs; contributions enhancing quality care; relationships as platform for implementation by providers. Design Mixed-method (QUAL-QUANT) parallel design with five packages. WP1 – two evidence syntheses (one realist); WP2 cross-sectional survey routine rated from regulator; WP3 analysis longitudinal data corporate provider characteristics indicators, including safety; WP4 secondary regulator reports; WP5 social network networks likely influence innovation. We expressed our synthesised findings logic model. Setting English homes, without nursing, various ownership structures, size location, varying ratings. Participants Managers, residents, families staff. Findings Staffing’s contribution personalised requires: managerial consistency; sufficient develop ‘familial’ staff–staff reciprocity, ‘knowing’ skills competence training beyond induction; supported, well-led seeing modelled behaviours supervisors; autonomy act. Outcome measures that capture relationship include: extent preferences met culturally appropriate; family satisfaction; residents living purpose; safe (including clinical outcomes); well-being job satisfaction were important, underacknowledged. Limitations Many stem self-reported known biases such under reporting adverse incidents; may reflect these biases. COVID-19 required adapting original protocol make it feasible. Consequently, effects pandemic reflected research methods findings. Our based single operator so not be generalised wider population homes. Conclusions Innovative multiple theory can successfully highlight nuanced Modifiable visible philosophies high-quality training, reinforced behavioural relational role modelling leaders difference when amounts consistent employed. Greater capacity alone is unlikely enhance cost-effective manner. Social help identify right aid adoption spread Future should focus richer, iterative, evaluative testing development model using theoretically empirically defensible rather than available inputs outcomes. Study registration This study registered PROSPERO CRD42021241066 Research Registry registration: 1062. Funding award was funded National Institute Health Care (NIHR) Delivery programme (NIHR ref: 15/144/29) published full ; Vol. 12, No. 8. See NIHR Awards website further information.

Language: Английский

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Conservation of freshwater macroinvertebrate biodiversity in tropical regions

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1238 - 1250

Published: April 7, 2020

Abstract Motivated by recent global initiatives for biodiversity conservation and restoration, this article reviews the gaps in our understanding of, challenges facing, freshwater macroinvertebrate tropical regions. This study revealed a lack of adequate taxonomic, phylogenetic, ecological information most groups, consequently there are large‐scale knowledge regarding response diversity to potential climate change other human impacts We propose ideas reduce impact key drivers declines biodiversity, including habitat degradation loss, hydrological alteration, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, multiple change. The review also provides recommendations enhance planning these systems (as well as providing clear management plans at local, regional, national levels), integrated catchment management, formulation regulatory measures, determinants across scales taxonomic collaboration between researchers professionals. It is suggested that use biomonitoring can improve ecosystem management. goal be facilitated part psychology, marketing, media Internet.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of multiple anthropogenic stressors on stream macroinvertebrate community composition and functional diversity

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 133 - 152

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Ensuring the provision of essential ecosystem services in systems affected by multiple stressors is a key challenge for theoretical and applied ecology. Trait-based approaches have increasingly been used multiple-stressor research freshwaters because they potentially provide powerful method to explore mechanisms underlying changes populations communities. Individual benthic macroinvertebrate traits associated with mobility, life history, morphology, feeding habits are often determine how environmental drivers structure stream However, date on invertebrates has focused more taxonomic than functional metrics. We conducted fully crossed, 4-factor experiment 64 mesocosms fed pristine montane (21 days colonization, 21 manipulations) investigated effects nutrient enrichment, flow velocity reduction sedimentation invertebrate community, taxon, diversity trait variables after 2 3 weeks stressor exposure. 89% community metrics, 59% common taxa, 50% 79% responded at least one each. Deposited fine sediment had strongest impacts, affecting abundances diversity, their translated into redundancy. Stressor varied between sampling occasions, further complicating prediction Overall, our study suggests that future combining trait, assessments can improve understanding interactions running waters.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal changes in metacommunity assembly mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrates in a subtropical river basin

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 729, P. 139046 - 139046

Published: April 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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The drivers of multiple dimensions of stream macroinvertebrate beta diversity across a large montane landscape

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 226 - 236

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Abstract Environmental filtering and spatial processes have been associated with variation in ecological communities biodiversity; however, their relative importance on multiple dimensions of beta diversity has not fully explored montane streams. Here, we examined the contribution local, catchment climate environmental variables factors to three macroinvertebrate upper Han River Basin. Taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic diversities respective turnover nestedness components were calculated for assemblages sampled a total 130 stream sites across large mountainous landscape. We investigated correlations between facets using MSR‐Mantel procedure then influence each set through redundancy analysis variance partitioning. Our results revealed relatively low congruence among dimensions, indicating these are independent measures which offer complementary information community assembly. Beta best explained by local factors, whereas large‐scale appeared less influential. Moreover, generally exerted different controls depending under consideration. Taxonomic more strongly determined via dispersal limitation, while functional was mainly environments habitat filtering. challenge perspective that one facet as surrogate others is enough, highlight need integrate metacommunity biodiversity research.

Language: Английский

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Landscape Evolution as a Diversification Driver in Freshwater Fishes

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

The exceptional concentration of vertebrate diversity in continental freshwaters has been termed the “freshwater fish paradox,” with > 15,000 species representing more than 20% all compressed into tiny fractions Earth’s land surface area (<0.5%) or total aquatic habitat volume (<0.001%). This study asks if richness world’s river basins is explainable terms captures using topographic metrics as proxies. River Capture Hypothesis posits that drainage-network rearrangements have accelerated biotic diversification through their combined effects on dispersal, speciation, and extinction. Yet rates capture are poorly constrained at basin scale worldwide. Here we assess correlations between density (data for 14,953 obligate freshwater species) basin-wide landscape evolution 3,119 basins), including: topography (elevation, average relief, slope, drainage area) climate (average rainfall air temperature). We results context both static landscapes (e.g., species-area heterogeneity relationships) transient capture, tectonic activity, disequilibrium). also relax assumptions functional neutrality (tropical vs. extratropical, tectonically stable active terrains). found a disproportionate number large, lowland tropical South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, under predictable conditions large geographic area, climate, low high (i.e., rates). However, our show these only necessary, but not fully sufficient, to explain highest diversity. Basins located regions, places where predicted be most conducive formation over evolutionary timescales. Our consistent predictions several models, including Hypothesis, Mega Intermediate Rate support conclusions numerical modeling studies indicating transience mechanistic driver net riverine riparian organisms widespread distributions.

Language: Английский

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Fragmentation promotes the role of dispersal in determining 10 intermittent headwater stream metacommunities

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65(12), P. 2169 - 2185

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Abstract Dispersal, defined as the movement of individuals among local communities in a landscape, is central regional determinant metacommunity dynamics ecosystems. Whereas both natural and anthropogenic ecosystem fragmentations can limit dispersal, previous attempts to measure such limitations have faced considerable context dependency, due combination spatial extent associated environmental variability, wide range dispersal modes, abilities organisms or variation network topologies. Therefore, role plays compared filtering explaining remains unclear fragmented dendritic We quantified α‐ β‐diversity components invertebrate metacommunities across 10 headwater stream networks tested hypothesis that primary biodiversity organisation these dynamic spatially constrained Alpha‐diversity was much lower intermittent than perennial reaches, even long after rewetting, indicating an overwhelming effect drying including legacy on communities. Beta‐diversity never correlated with distances but predominantly explained by accounting for river fragmentation. The nestedness proportion reflected compositional differences where from reaches were subsets reaches. Altogether, results indicate process shaping networks, recurrently undergo extinction recolonisation events. This challenges conceptual views environment main driver metacommunities. As become increasingly global change, our suggest some freshwater ecosystems currently driven could gradually dispersal‐limited. In this perspective, shifts flow regimes represent ecological thresholds should not be crossed avoid jeopardising biodiversity, functional integrity, services they provide society.

Language: Английский

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Multiple in-stream stressors degrade biological assemblages in five U.S. regions

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 800, P. 149350 - 149350

Published: July 31, 2021

Language: Английский

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