Deepening the understanding of social bonding and dynamics of social interactions

Genes Brain & Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

The current volume continues the series of Genes, Brain and Behavior special issues. In first issue, we focused on autism neurodevelopmental disorders.1 We concluded issue with idea that detailed understanding these disorders is impossible without profound appreciation mechanisms underlying natural species-specific social behaviors. Therefore, directs readers' attention to fundamentals bonding, interactions, group/colony formation even potential biology human sociocultural experiences. start or attachment. This topic has been not only an extensive subject poetry fictional literature, but also examined across multiple scientific disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, ethology, animal behavior, cognitive neuroscience. Each disciplines provided explanations this phenomenon in their own terms. A synthesis terms would be a substantial intellectual achievement. need for cornerstone review by Gustison Phelps,2 article issue. authors explore views attachment then focus pair-bond prairie voles as case study. vole (Microtus ochrogaster) socially monogamous rodent species. Studies species much insight into bonding.3, 4 describe intricate molecular circuitry involved individual differences bonding provide example integration knowledge multi-disciplinary language. next article, Prior et al.5 provides another type our bonding. Specifically, examine how aspects bond are dependent sensory perceptual systems. They use zebra finch examples species, which neurocircuitry either chemical vocal communication, have examined. discuss inter-dependence bidirectional influences between specific processes exploration followed framework future studies field. reviews mentioned above two companion research papers, challenge simplified pair voles. critical evidence against monomorphism pair-bonding behaviors Brusman al.6 compares indices standard “choice” partner preference test7, 8 novel modified non-choice test time points male female Using allows document increased interaction versus (“stranger”) driven animals. subsequent operant version procedure expands observation showing motivation access significantly stronger females than males. paper Vahaba al.,9 choice task further sex demonstrate willing work hardest gain mate unfamiliar male. contrast, males average lever-press equally “stranger” vole. Importantly, lack due all males, characteristic partner-directed, stranger-directed indifferent behavior calls genetic analysis driving bonding-associated behaviors, initiate genotyping oxytocin receptor gene. Thus, papers al. striking presumably sexually monomorphic dimorphic motivational behavior. Our departs from mammals birds plasticity groups individuals completely different taxon. Namely, Manfredini al.10 signatures associated environment fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). Queens can found colonies solitary group conditions.11 researchers global co-expression networks brain queens at stages colony founding when they placed conditions. Group conditions sizes Increasing results larger changes gene expression. findings indicate important simple housing quite apparent subtle population size. It well appreciated relationships interactions uniform within one Differences reflected hierarchies. There notable interest examining neural contributing development dominant submissive status species.12 However, methods vary produce varied sexes. review, Fulenwider methodologies evaluating rank species.13 based extent agonistic animals exhibit experience, valuable resources individuals. Species differences, pitfalls understudied areas, discussed. concludes highlighting regulating experiences humans. Lee present gene-culture coevolution study associations polymorphisms cultural tightness socio-ecological threats populations.14 find positively correlated expression anterior cingulate cortex. These provocatively suggest enhanced underwent positive selection populations tight norms. Taken discussed articles together, expected, governed exhilaratingly complex multilevel mechanisms. contribute complexity. mental disorders. Behavior, will continue transition models Data sharing applicable no new data were created analyzed

Language: Английский

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Evidence for individual vocal recognition in a pair bonding poison frog? Insights from no-choice and two-choice paradigms

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Individually distinctive vocalizations are widespread in nature, although the ability of receivers to discriminate these signals has only been studied through limited taxonomic and social lenses. Here we ask whether anuran advertisement calls, typically for their role territory defense mate attraction, facilitate recognition preferential association with partners a pair bonding poison frog. Combining no- two-stimulus choice playback experiments, evaluated behavioral physiological responses females male acoustic stimuli. Virgin oriented approached speakers broadcasting calls independent caller identity, implying that generally attracted stimuli outside context bond. When bonded were presented stranger, they showed slight preference mate. Moreover, varied breeding status: eggs faster approach spent more time arm than but did not currently have eggs. Our study suggests potential individual vocal formation maintenance bonds frog raises new questions about how perceived monogamy biparental care.

Language: Английский

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The Love Hormone and Seizure Control: A Review of Oxytocin’s Impact on Epilepsy Management

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures, which can significantly impact patient’s quality of life. While current management strategies for epilepsy, such as antiepileptic drugs and surgery, are effective many patients, there need novel therapies that provide better seizure control improve patients’ outcomes. Oxytocin, neuropeptide known its role in social bonding trust, has emerged promising therapy epilepsy. Preclinical studies have shown oxytocin reduce activity outcomes animal models In contrast, clinical suggested may frequency severity some epilepsy patients. This chapter reviews the knowledge including potential mechanisms oxytocin’s effects, limitations challenges studies, future research directions implications. The also discusses broader on understanding behaviour disorders. Overall, highlights underscores further research.

Language: Английский

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From basic social neurobiology to better understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders

Genes Brain & Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(5)

Published: June 1, 2022

This volume concludes our three-part series of Genes, Brain and Behaviors special issues. The previous two volumes started with research on autism neurodevelopmental disorders, concluding that their full understanding is impossible without innate social behaviors, continued into mechanisms such behaviors across several animal species.1, 2 current issue continues the analysis then brings us back to studies models hopefully a greater appreciation for intricacies neurobiology. In paper, Goncalves, Kareklas colleagues have elegantly addressed fundamental question evolution: whether motivational cognitive components comprising behavior evolved independently or through selective pressure increase sociality.3 To address this question, authors phenotypically characterized lines male female zebrafish (Danio rerio) in four behavioral tests: shoal preference, conspecific recognition, object recognition open-field. characterization clustered three principal factors: motivation, cognition anxiety. Importantly, tendency module aligned exploration, separately from discrimination discrimination, which together. These data provide strong support hypothesis motivation did not evolve together as common phenotype instead co-opted general mechanisms. conclusion further supported by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modules. genetic shows SNPs candidate genes associated are statistically but module. finding agreement recent report showing lacking functional oxytocin receptors deficient intact motivation.4 While well-characterized repertoire genetics allows researchers conclude can function independent entities, amplifies need study neural regulating specific rather than more generalized “social brain.” Not all including characteristic humans, be studied standard laboratory species. highlighted importance choosing appropriate species discussing power experiments socially monogamous prairie voles neurobiology pair-bonding.5, 6 paper Mederos, Duarte initiates development novel fish model could enhance pair-bonding.7 based premise frequently observed monogamy related seahorses,8-10 suggests they capable pair-bonding. investigate color changes form communication lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus). They demonstrate change (increase brightness) occurs frequently, especially fish, when paired pair mate, an opposite-sex stranger. subsequent preliminary whole brain RNA sequencing detect substantial overlap pairing-induced gene expression between voles. Remarkably, receptor among upregulated seahorses, its well-known pair-bonding other Animal adopt different modes depending evolutionary constraints. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) great rodents. Previous demonstrated via USVs depends age, sex also differ mouse strains.11 However, detailed differences relationship underlying situation missing. Caruso et al.12 extensive vocal early postnatal ages adults strains: commonly used inbred C57BL/6N, highly FVB outbred CD-1. Moreover, were analyzed situations: separation pups, adult male–female encounters female–female encounters. parallel, assess mice during interactions. USV strain- context-dependent ever present assessments vocalizations. animals only ages, genotypes context, even cagemate rodents same strain, age. Animals living groups usually organize themselves hierarchies. Behavioral repertoires, well well-being, socially-dominant subordinate individuals within these groups.13 Park intriguing rank affects empathy-like mice.14 determine ranks C57BL/6J using well-established tube test ranking evaluate ability develop observational fear learning (OFL). OFL, “observer” acquire “demonstrator” undergoing conditioning. intermediately observers better at acquiring dominant demonstrators. direction effect, cagemates OFL dependent steepness hierarchy. findings rats enhances transmission,15 suggesting generality effect able discern increased due familiarity observer demonstrator some intrinsic quality demonstrator. rule out second possibility does affect unfamiliar mice. Their definitively determines higher responses versus cagemates, least main focus study, article both single-housing crowding strongly inhibit calling attention housing conditions assessing behaviors. latter observation line next issue. Winiarsky, Kondrakiewicz compares effects housing, habituation testing males BTBR T+ Iptr3tf/J (BTBR) mice.16 recognized idiopathic aspects spectrum disorder (ASD), deficits behaviors.17, 18 first experiments, 3-chamber affiliation under low high stress conditions. range non-habituated relatively bright light habituated handing transportation mice, housed enriched environment tested dim light. Behavior substantially conditions, time obscuring strain differences. experiment, use automated Eco-HAB system,19 long-lasting evaluations group-housed disturbing them, strains Among identified striking differences, stability structure, whereas limited subgroups interactive engage sporadic interactions settings. Authors discuss pros cons each approaches evaluating Systems Social Processes Domain highlight how experimental clearly contribute varied results. concluded important reviews disorders models. review Benedetti takes one mechanism penetrance disorders.20 Namely, screened over 750 publications 58 humans 16 focused subjects copy number variations (CNVs) DNA segments 16p11.2 22q11.2. CNVs loci risk ASD, schizophrenia deficit disorder.21, 22 Mutant deletions been developed. mutants excellent construct validity corresponding humans. domains CMVs (involving interaction, communication, memory cognition) criteria identification. matching tests sociability, interaction (vis USVs) mutant commonalities observations human promising disorders. hand, assessed relevant sparse, compared vast array murine available. On performed do align psychiatric diagnostic highlighting deficiencies, exciting avenues rodent (for example, visual cues, parental influences, immunological microbiome). would benefit CNVs, final questions should optimally utilized. Silverman recommendations workshop held Autism Science Foundation goal improving utilization models.23 resulting collected 148 69 articles ASD reveals inconsistent reporting patterns performance, design insufficient alignment ASD. emphasize models, face validity, underestimating complexity acknowledge challenges translating complication results various backgrounds, methodologies labs, problems inter-laboratory reproducibility, often insufficiently clear incorrectly applied statistical analyses, lack temporal trajectories phenotypes, go beyond represent complex characterize multiple domains. recommend measure motor abilities, comorbidities, keep mind role olfaction interactions, control studies, while sticking meticulous design, methods, materials, analyses. We issues emphasizing field exhibits much superficial simplistic phenotypes. front cover image issue, Dr. Yangmiao Zhang, illustrates participants come personal experiences backgrounds. guide them exhibit bonding. May serve challenge bond neuroscientists pursuit intricate Data sharing applicable no new created study.

Language: Английский

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DREADD activation of the lateral septum alters prosocial and antisocial behaviors, but not partner preferences in male prairie voles

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Although much has been written on the topic of social behavior, many terms referring to different aspects behavior have become inappropriately conflated and specific mechanisms governing them remains unclear. It is therefore critical that we disentangle pro- anti-social elements associated with forms fully understand brain. The lateral septum (LS) mediates behaviors, emotional processes, stress responses necessary for individuals navigate day-to-day interactions. LS particularly important in general selective prosocial (monogamy) but its role how these two behavioral domains intersect Here, investigate effects chemogenetic-mediated activation male prairie voles when they are 1) sex-naïve generally affiliative 2) after pair-bonded display aggression. Amplifying neural activity augments same-sex approach behaviors. Despite partner preference formation remaining unaltered, males leads reduced aggression while increasing These results suggest alters within certain contexts, by behaviors reducing pair bonding-induced conspecifics, not altering bonding opposite-sex individuals.

Language: Английский

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