Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(38)

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out targeting policies, research, interventions landscape level halt reverse decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services landscapes, improve resilience adaptability these ecosystems. We conducted most comprehensive assessment date complexity effects nondomesticated terrestrial through meta-analysis 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively positively affects biodiversity. More complex host more (richness, abundance, evenness) with potential benefits sustainable production conservation, likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed combined contribution linear (e.g., hedgerows) areal woodlots) elements resulted near-doubling (i.e., level) compared dominant number studies measuring separately. Similarly, positive stronger monitoring least 2 y 1-y efforts. Besides, exist when occurs nonoverlapping highlighting need long-term robustly designed Living harmony nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing promoting multifunctional agriculture farm levels research agenda untangles landscapes’ contributions people under current future conditions.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic carbon is affected by organic amendments, conservation tillage, and cover cropping in organic farming systems: A meta-analysis

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 312, P. 107356 - 107356

Published: March 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Critical links between biodiversity and health in wild bee conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 309 - 321

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

The diversity, abundance, and health of wild bees is jeopardized primarily by land-use modifications, among other global change drivers.Defining measuring in requires an integrative approach across disciplines.We use elements from chemistry, stoichiometry, ecology, physiology, pathology, genetics to (i) contribute a more comprehensive definition bee 'health', (ii) define framework linking with floral resource/nutritional landscapes through assessing species-specific nutritional niches.We suggest novel holistic for capturing combining field laboratory tools.Knowledge gained applying this will serve as blueprint stakeholders engaged pollinator conservation. Wild populations are declining due human activities, such land change, which strongly affect the composition diversity available plants food sources. chemical (i.e., nutrition) turn determines health, resilience, fitness bees. For pollinators, however, term 'health' recent subject debate, interaction between nutrition health. We multidimensional concept biological traits (physiology, disease) environmental factors (floral landscapes). Linking information on tolerated niches different species allow us better predict their distribution responses thus support Bees decline because sources disappearAnimals pollinate >85% flowering 75% leading crops worldwide [1.Klein A.-M. et al.Importance pollinators changing world crops.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274: 303-313Crossref PubMed Scopus (3270) Google Scholar] provide medicines animals humankind. They also natural habitats play key role plant productivity, webs, ultimately well-being Scholar, 2.Klein A-M. al.Relevance managed well-being.Curr. Opin. Insect 2018; 26: 82-88Crossref (32) 3.Ollerton J. al.How many pollinated animals?.Oikos. 2011; 120: 321-326Crossref (1564) Scholar]. (Apidae) most important group vast majority represented (~20 000 species) [4.Potts S. Assessment Report Pollinators, Pollination Food Production – Summary Policymakers. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services (IPBES), 2016Google Scholar].Alarmingly, impact biotic abiotic stressors caused activities that act alone or combination, pesticides, invasive species, pathogens, intensive land-use, climate [5.Dicks L. al.A assessment drivers risks associated decline.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2021; 5: 1453-1461Crossref (4) 6.Eggleton P. state world's insects.Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2020; 45: 61-82Crossref (15) 7.Rhodes C.J. Pollinator ecological calamity making?.Sci. Prog. 101: 121-160Crossref (36) 8.Storkey al.Wild arable habitats: trends, threats opportunities.in: Hurford C. Changing Status Arable Habitats Europe: A Nature Conservation Review. Springer International, 2020: 187-201Crossref 9.Zattara E.E. Aizen M.A. Worldwide occurrence records richness.One Earth. 4: 114-123Abstract Full Text PDF (60) 10.Goulson D. al.Bee declines driven combined stress parasites, lack flowers.Science. 2015; 347: 1255957Crossref (1702) 11.Potts S.G. al.Global declines: impacts drivers.Trends 2010; 25: 345-353Abstract (3176) In particular, agricultural intensification appears negatively communities [12.Lichtenberg E.M. synthesis effects diversified farming systems arthropod within fields landscapes.Glob. Change 2017; 23: 4946-4957Crossref (143) Scholar,13.Raven P.H. Wagner D.L. Agricultural rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity.Proc. Natl. Acad. 118e2002548117Crossref fact, overall biodiversity typically decreases increasing intensity [14.Kleijn al.Mixed benefits agri-environment schemes five European countries.Ecol. Lett. 2006; 9: 243-254Crossref (725) Scholar,15.Newbold T. model response tropical sub-tropical forest anthropogenic pressures.Proc. 2014; 281: 20141371PubMed Scholar], directly indirectly leads loss nesting sites [10.Goulson Scholar,16.Thomson D.M. Local bumble linked recovery honey bees, drought resources.Ecol. 2016; 19: 1247-1255Crossref (65) may alter pathogen prevalence [17.Figueroa L.L. al.Landscape simplification shapes plant–pollinator networks.Ecol. 1212-1222Crossref (20) 18.Piot N. al.More less: mass-flowering fruit tree dilute parasite transmission bees.Int. Parasitol. 51: 777-785Crossref (2) 19.Smart M. al.Linking measures colony individual survival apiaries exposed varying use.PLoS ONE. 11e0152685Crossref (104) Declining spectrum sources, therefore restricts landscape accessible [20.Michener C.D. World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007Google 21.Vaudo A.D. resource restoration.Soc. Insects Vectors Med. Vet. Entomol. 10: 133-141Google 22.Ziska L.H. al.Rising atmospheric CO2 reducing protein concentration pollen source essential North American bees.Proc. R. Soc. B 283: 20160414Crossref 23.Requier F. al.Honey diet farmland reveals unexpectedly high flower richness major weeds.Ecol. Appl. 881-890Crossref (171) Scholar].Nutritional beesAs intake nutrient (henceforth referred quality) determine resilience [24.Simpson S.J. Raubenheimer Nutrition: Unifying Framework Animal Adaptation Human Obesity. Princeton 2012Crossref access resources enable diverse balanced one driver population stability [21.Vaudo context, we consider be any compound elements, phospholipids, amino acids 'group components' proteins) part food/nutrition obtain nutrients several potential medically active secondary metabolites consuming mostly nectar Scholar,25.Koch H. al.Flagellum removal metabolite inhibits infectivity bumblebee parasite.Curr. 2019; 29: 3494-3500Abstract (24) Scholar,26.Stevenson P.C. antagonists mutualists: paradox toxic pollen.Phytochem. 603-614Crossref (17) Nectar provides carbohydrates maintaining energy metabolic processes, whereas main all macronutrients fat) micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, sterols) required tissue homeostasis, development ovary development), larval growth [27.Filipiak understanding ecology needed optimize conservation strategies application stoichiometry.Insects. 3Crossref (16) 28.Nicolson S.W. Bee food: chemistry value nectar, mixtures two.Afr. Zool. 46: 197-204Crossref 29.Wright G.A. al.Nutritional physiology bees.Annu. 63: 327-344Crossref (89) Ideally, both sufficient quality quantity. quantity determined abundance flowers present namely number plants/flowers per amount [30.Timberlake T.P. al.Phenology seasonal gaps availability bumblebees.J. 56: 1585-1596Crossref (56) depends each and/or specific profile [31.Jachuła al.Habitat heterogeneity helps mitigate sugar deficit discontinuity landscape.Sci. Total 782146909Crossref (5) profiles vary greatly [32.Belsky Joshi N.K. Impact feral bees.Insects. 233Crossref (37) 33.Palmer-Young E.C. al.Chemistry rewards: intra- interspecific variability taxa.Ecol. Monogr. 89e01335Crossref (50) 34.Vaudo al.Pollen protein: lipid macronutrient ratios guide broad patterns preferences.Insects. 11: 132Crossref (41) 35.Requier al.Limitation complementary affects growth, foraging behavior, reproduction bees.Ecology. 101e02946Crossref (11) even individuals same growing [36.Venjakob al.Inter-individual changes scabious, Knautia arvensis.Insects. 2Crossref Floral communities, characterized consequently More details variation effect diets performance fitness, differences preferences given Vaudo al. Scholar].Although much less well understood, needs expected differ substantially sustainability amounts food, particular pollen, offspring development, can influence entire Scholar,37.Filipiak Z.M. Filipiak scarcity influences certain life history traits.Biology. 12Crossref (6) Scholar,38.Moerman explain than diversity.Insect Conserv. Divers. 171-179Crossref (39) Scholar].Surprisingly, landscape, status has hitherto received little attention (cf Scholar,34.Vaudo Scholar]). This knowledge is, crucial determining how respective populations. propose conceptual altering healthy populations.Measuring healthAlthough understood physical, mental, social population, wildlife generally been absence disease [39.Stephen Toward modernized health.J. Wildl. Dis. 50: 427-430Crossref only recently appeared literature its precise still debate [40.López-Uribe M.M. al.Defining health: based ecological, genetic, physiological factors.Annu. Anim. Biosci. 8: 269-294Crossref López-Uribe suggested multilevel various parameters measure at individual, colony, level should then direct consequence average individuals, where size likely correlate positively health.We apply defined result local environment (Figure 1). following recorded integrated comprehensively capture stored bodies (such proteins, lipids, glycogen, elements), body [41.Dellicour al.Distribution predictors wing shape three sister solitary bees.PLoS 12e0173109Crossref (18) load, beneficial microbiota [42.Engel al.The microbiome: evolution host–microbe interactions.mBio. 7e02164-15Crossref (130) immunocompetence [43.Alaux al.Diet honeybee immunocompetence.Biol. 6: 562-565Crossref (454) fertility [44.Keller A. al.(More than) Hitchhikers network: shared microbiome flowers.Curr. 44: 8-15Crossref (8) Scholar].Physiological were shown sensitivity modifications [45.Tracy C.R. importance biology.Integr. Comp. 1191-1205Crossref (72) responds before become visible [46.Ellis R.D. al.Integrating physiology.Landsc. 2012; 27: 1-12Crossref (90) instance, correlates increased levels storage antioxidant vitellogenin higher overwintering [19.Smart Scholar,47.Alaux 'landscape physiology' highlights enrichment semi-natural habitats.Sci. Rep. 7: 40568Crossref (57) Energy survival. categories used insects (glycogen, life-history dispersal capacity, reproduction, diapause, [48.Arrese E.L. Soulages J.L. fat body: energy, metabolism, regulation.Annu. 55: 207-225Crossref (1178) Moreover, macro- acquired consumption interface resources. Variations budget bees.Additional sensu lato include morphometrics, microbial loads. example, morphometry fluctuating asymmetry found [49.de Freitas Brito al.Orchid (Apidae, Euglossini) oil palm plantations Eastern Amazon have larger but not asymmetrical wings.Neotrop. 388-397Crossref (0) 50.Gerard al.Stressful conditions reveal decrease size, modification relatively stable wings.Sci. 15169Crossref (14) 51.Lima C.B.S. al.Morphometric Melipona subnitida Ducke 1910 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) types housing.Braz. 76: 845-850Crossref addition, known composition, particularly consequences uptake, detoxification, immunity, Scholar,52.Dharampal P.S. al.Pollen-borne microbes fitness.Proc. 286: 20182894Crossref 53.Rothman J.A. increases selenate toxicity.Environ. Microbiol. 21: 3417-3429Crossref 54.Voulgari-Kokota al.Drivers, functions solitary-bee microbiota.Trends 1034-1044Abstract By defining stoichiometric phenotypes elemental bodies) [55.Jeyasingh P.D. al.Testing evolutionary using elements.Ecol. 528-538Crossref (59) deviations optimal phenotypes, nutritionally impoverished populations, revealed, indicate reduced health.All mentioned previously affected multiple related pollutants antibiotics, heavy metals) pathogens Measurement variables complete picture focusing single parameter.Floral healthFloral community [56.Albrecht effectiveness strips hedgerows pest control, pollination services crop yield: quantitative synthesis.Ecol. 1488-1498Crossref (113) Scholar,57.Dainese biodiversity-mediated production.Sci. Adv. 5eaax0121Crossref (245) [58.Kaluza B.F. al.Social fitter biodiverse environments.Sci. 12353Crossref content Scholar,27.Filipiak Scholar,59.Roulston T.H. Goodell K. regulating populations.Annu. 293-312Crossref (325) Scholar,60.Scheper al.Museum specimens host factor driving Netherlands.Proc. 111: 17552Crossref (160) phenology [23.Requier Scholar,58.Kaluza Scholar,61.Blüthgen Klein Functional complementarity specialisation: interactions.Basic 12: 282-291Crossref (281) thrive environments Scholar,62.Crone Williams N.M. Bumble dynamics: quantifying queen production.Ecol. 460-468Crossref (68) Scholar,63.Goulson al.Colony bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, improved conventional suburban habitats.Oecologia. 2002; 130: 267-273Crossref (169) Scholar,64.Kaluza al.Generalist maximize species-rich resource-abundant environments.Ecosphere. 8e01758Crossref (26) Scholar,65.Trinkl al.Floral stingless bee.Insects. (9) opportunities specialist (oligolectic) restricted find suitable generalist (polylectic) supports performance, (Table 1), presumably ready adequate metabolites. contrast, chronic monotonous, nonsuitable, low quality, reduces immune-competence affecting 'nutritional stress' [47.Alaux Scholar,66.Brunner F.S. al.Protein-poor host-specific immune gene expression terrestris.Proc. 20140128Crossref Poor lead susceptibility [67.Dolezal A.G. Toth A.L. Feedbacks health.Curr. 114-119Crossref (63) pesticides [68.Tosi al.Neonicotinoid synergistically reduce 284: 20171711Crossref considered Scholar,69.Bartomeus I. al.Historical northeastern US traits.Proc. U. 2013; 110: 4656-4660Crossref (309) Scholar,70.Leach M.E. Drummond review native health.Int. 2018: 9607246Crossref (13) Although added se automatically yield synergistic compared higher-quality monofloral [34.Vaudo Scholar,71.Klaus diversification promotes offset insecticide evidence semi-field experiment.Ecol. 24: 668-675Crossref Scholar,72.Stuligross Pesticide additively impair reproduction.Proc. 287: 20201390Crossref it clearly negative poor choices 1).Table 1Effect studies polyfloral polylectic) under conditionsExperimentBee speciesEffectsResponse variableRefsLandscapes, enriched melliferous catch crops; overwinteringHoneybee (Apis mellifera)Access was vitality (vitellogenin level)Bee level)[47.Alaux Scholar]Monofloral pesticides; performanceBuff tailed (Bombus terrestris)Additive drone reproduc

Language: Английский

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Agroecological crop protection for sustainable agriculture

Advances in agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 59

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Crop and landscape heterogeneity increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: A global review and meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Agricultural intensification not only increases food production but also drives widespread biodiversity decline. Increasing landscape heterogeneity has been suggested to increase across habitats, while increasing crop may support within agroecosystems. These spatial effects can be partitioned into compositional (land‐cover type diversity) and configurational arrangement), measured either for the mosaic or both crops semi‐natural habitats. However, studies have reported mixed responses of in these components taxa contexts. Our meta‐analysis covering 6397 fields 122 conducted Asia, Europe, North South America reveals consistently positive heterogeneity, as well plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, pollinator predator biodiversity. Vertebrates plants benefit more from invertebrates derive similar benefits heterogeneity. Pollinators predators favour are consistent vertebrates tropical/subtropical temperate agroecosystems, annual perennial cropping systems, at small large scales. results suggest that promoting increased by diversifying current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, is key restoring agricultural landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6689)

Published: March 21, 2024

The environmental impacts of organic agriculture are only partially understood and whether such practices have spillover effects on pests or pest control activity in nearby fields remains unknown. Using about 14,000 field observations per year from 2013 to 2019 Kern County, California, we postulate that crop producers benefit surrounding decreasing overall pesticide use and, specifically, pesticides targeting insect pests. Conventional fields, by contrast, tend increase as the area production increases. Our simulation suggests spatially clustering cropland can entirely mitigate lead an net use.

Language: Английский

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Securing Nature’s Contributions to People requires at least 20%–25% (semi-)natural habitat in human-modified landscapes

One Earth, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 59 - 71

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The cascading effects of biodiversity decline on human well-being present a pressing challenge for sustainable development. Conservation efforts often prioritize safeguarding specific species, habitats, or intact ecosystems but overlook biodiversity's fundamental role in providing Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) human-modified landscapes. Here, we systematically review 154 peer-reviewed studies estimate the minimum levels (semi-)natural habitat quantity, quality, and spatial configuration needed landscapes secure functional integrity essential sustaining NCP provision. We find that provision multiple is threatened when landscape falls below an area 20%–25% each km2. Five almost completely disappear level 10% habitat. exact required depends local context NCP. Today, about two-thirds lands have insufficient habitat, requiring action regeneration. Our findings serve as generic guideline target conservation actions outside natural areas.

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants for sustainable development of agriculture: a bibliometric content analysis

Discover Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

This paper presents a bibliometric content analysis of the research on biostimulants to examine their roles in improving sustainability agriculture. The is developing and has been attracting significant attention. It focused understanding functional mechanisms impact various indicators sustainability. suggests that improve crop yield product quality, reduce external application fertilizers, enhance water-use efficiency, crops' capability tolerate abiotic stresses. Given growing negative externalities intensive agriculture natural resources, human health, environment predictions climate becoming more severe, there need focus basic applied biostimulants.

Language: Английский

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Evidence that organic farming promotes pest control

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1(7), P. 361 - 368

Published: July 9, 2018

Language: Английский

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Organic Farming Provides Reliable Environmental Benefits but Increases Variability in Crop Yields: A Global Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 27, 2019

To promote food security and sustainability, ecologically intensive farming systems should reliably produce adequate yields of high-quality food, enhance the environment, be profitable, social wellbeing. Yet, while many studies address mean effects on sustainability metrics, few have considered variability. This represents a knowledge gap because producers depend reliable provisioning yields, profits, environmental services to their production over time. Further, stable crop are necessary ensure access nutritious foods. Here we this by conducting global meta-analysis assess average magnitude variability seven metrics in organic compared conventional systems. Specifically, explored these (i) biotic abundance, (ii) richness, (iii) soil carbon, (iv) carbon stocks, (v) yield, (vi) total costs, (vii) profitability. Organic farms promoted profitability, but produced higher yields. Compared farms, had lower abundance richness greater yield thus provided 'win-win' (high means low variability) for promoting high with Despite variability, similar costs were more profitable due premiums. Our results suggest certification guidelines successfully benefits, reliance ecological processes may reduce predictability production.

Language: Английский

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