Legacies of past land use have a stronger effect on forest carbon exchange than future climate change in a temperate forest landscape DOI Creative Commons
Dominik Thom, Werner Rammer, Rita Garstenauer

et al.

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(18), P. 5699 - 5713

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Abstract. Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global climate system and are thus intensively discussed context of change mitigation. Over past decades temperate forests were a carbon (C) sink to atmosphere. However, it remains unclear which degree this C uptake is driven by recovery from land use natural disturbances or ongoing change, inducing high uncertainty regarding future forest sink. Here our objectives (i) investigate legacies within disturbance regime empirically analyzing two episodes affecting same landscape 90 years apart, (ii) unravel effects as well on 21st century means simulation modeling. We collected historical data archives reconstruct vegetation history Austrian Alps 1905 2013. The disentangled individually controlling for use, disturbances, scenarios factorial study. found only moderate spatial overlap between wind bark beetle early 20th century, respectively. Our simulations revealed about relationship episodes, whereas clearly increased impact second episode landscape. was strongly cessation historic while reduced uptake. Compared land-use had marginal cycle. conclude that neglecting can substantially bias assessments dynamics.

Language: Английский

landscapemetrics: an open‐source R tool to calculate landscape metrics DOI Open Access
Maximilian H. K. Hesselbarth, Marco Sciaini, Kimberly A. With

et al.

Ecography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 1648 - 1657

Published: July 2, 2019

Quantifying landscape characteristics and linking them to ecological processes is one of the central goals ecology. Landscape metrics are a widely used tool for analysis patch‐based, discrete land‐cover classes. Existing software calculate has several constraints, such as being limited single platform, not open‐source or involving complicated integration into large workflows. We present landscapemetrics , an R package that overcomes many constraints existing metric software. The includes extensive collection commonly in tidy workflow. To facilitate workflows, based on well‐established spatial framework . This allows pre‐processing maps further statistical without importing exporting data from different environments. Additionally, provides utility functions visualize, extract, sample metrics. Lastly, we provide building‐blocks motivate development new future. demonstrate usage advantages by analysing influence sampling schemes estimation In so doing, package, especially its easy These developments should help with research, given ecologists increasingly using analysis, modelling visualization data.

Language: Английский

Citations

848
Excess forest mortality is consistently linked to drought across Europe DOI Creative Commons
Cornelius Senf, Allan Buras, Christian Zang

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Abstract Pulses of tree mortality caused by drought have been reported recently in forests around the globe, but large-scale quantitative evidence is lacking for Europe. Analyzing high-resolution annual satellite-based canopy maps from 1987 to 2016 we here show that excess forest (i.e., exceeding long-term trend) significantly related across continental The relationship between water availability and showed threshold behavior, with increasing steeply when integrated climatic balance March July fell below −1.6 standard deviations its average. For −3.0 probability was 91.6% (83.8–97.5%). Overall, approximately 500,000 ha We provide an important driver at scale, suggest a future increase could trigger widespread

Language: Английский

Citations

393
Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe DOI
Cornelius Senf, Rupert Seidl

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 63 - 70

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

352
Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Europe: State of Knowledge and Ways Forward for Management DOI
Tomáš Hlásny, Louis A. König, Paal Krokene

et al.

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 138 - 165

Published: July 28, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

295
Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome DOI Creative Commons
Andreas Sommerfeld, Cornelius Senf, Brian Buma

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Increasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable and analyzed whether recent episodes around the globe were consistently driven by climate, if human influence modulates patterns of disturbance. combined remote sensing data on (2001-2014) with in-depth information for 50 protected landscapes their surroundings across temperate biome. Disturbance highly variable, shaped variation agents traits prevailing tree species. However, high activity is linked warmer drier than average conditions globe. Disturbances areas smaller more complex shape compared affected land use. This signal disappears natural activity, underlining potential climate-mediated transform landscapes.

Language: Английский

Citations

245
Devastating outbreak of bark beetles in the Czech Republic: Drivers, impacts, and management implications DOI
Tomáš Hlásny,

Soňa Zimová,

Katarína Merganičová

et al.

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 490, P. 119075 - 119075

Published: March 18, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

242
Climate change causes critical transitions and irreversible alterations of mountain forests DOI Creative Commons
Katharina Albrich, Werner Rammer, Rupert Seidl

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 4013 - 4027

Published: April 17, 2020

Mountain forests are at particular risk of climate change impacts due to their temperature limitation and high exposure warming. At the same time, complex topography may help buffer effects create refugia. Whether can lead critical transitions mountain forest ecosystems whether such reversible remain incompletely understood. We investigated resilience composition size structure change, focusing on a landscape in Eastern Alps. Using individual-based model iLand, we simulated ecosystem responses wide range climatic changes (up 6°C increase mean annual 30% reduction precipitation), testing for tipping points vegetation under different scenarios. found that warming levels above +2°C threshold was crossed, with system into an alternative state. The shifted from conifer-dominated characterized by large trees dominated smaller, predominantly broadleaved trees. Topographic complexity moderated impacts, smoothing delaying between states. subsequently reversed forcing assess ability recover impacts. showed hysteresis, particularly scenarios lower precipitation. temperature, equilibrium species differed cooling trajectories. Here show even moderate corresponding current policy targets could result highlight importance topographic as buffering agent. Furthermore, our results overshooting ambitious mitigation be dangerous, ecological irreversible millennial time scales once point has been crossed.

Language: Английский

Citations

233
Living with bark beetles: impacts, outlook and management options DOI Open Access
Tomáš Hlásny, Paal Krokene, Andrew M. Liebhold

et al.

From science to policy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

189
Acute Drought Is an Important Driver of Bark Beetle Infestation in Austrian Norway Spruce Stands DOI Creative Commons
Sigrid Netherer, Bernd Panassiti,

Josef Pennerstorfer

et al.

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: July 17, 2019

Infestations of Norway spruce by the Eurasian bark beetle Ips typographus have recently caused peaks in salvaged timber Central European forests. Apart from extensive breeding material due to abiotic disturbance, increased spring and summer temperatures as well precipitation deficits are presumably key drivers population dynamics. In this study, we investigated influence effective temperature sums, chronic acute drought stress, stand characteristics for explaining salvage logging attack stands Austrian Federal Forests. We retrospectively simulated transpiration deficit proxy use monitoring tool PHENIPS-TDEF, a well-proven phenology model, combined with an additional hydrological module developed simulating (TDEF) forest stands. Overall, found that infestation occurred more frequently high share spruce, age density. The probability ongoing attacks was significantly higher subject previous year. Chronically dry described inventory database growing on shallow, xeric, low moisture soil conditions, were less prone across all enterprises. However, indicated significant predictor attacks, especially geographically located warmer drier areas country. Although importance TDEF parameters differed geographic location observation period, clear increase 2015 principally linked year's actual deficits. conclude our results absence severe disturbance combination ample host availability, favorable conditions development, disposition trees stress can intensify growth very likely lead mass outbreaks.

Language: Английский

Citations

161
Tree growth influenced by warming winter climate and summer moisture availability in northern temperate forests DOI Creative Commons
Jill E. Harvey, Marko Smiljanić, Tobias Scharnweber

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 2505 - 2518

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

The role of future forests in global biogeochemical cycles will depend on how different tree species respond to climate. Interpreting the response forest growth climate change requires an understanding temporal and spatial patterns seasonal climatic influences common species. We constructed a new network 310 tree-ring width chronologies from three (Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris Fagus sylvatica) collected for ecological, management purposes south Baltic Sea region at border bioclimatic zones (temperate continental, oceanic, southern boreal). major factors (temperature, precipitation, drought) affecting monthly scales were identified. Our analysis documents that 20th century Scots pine deciduous is generally controlled by parameters, summer moisture availability increasingly important examined. report changes influence winter variables over last decades, where decreasing late temperature increasing was found. By comparing climate-growth responses 1943-1972 1973-2002 periods characterizing site-level stability, descriptive application segregation distinguished sites with stable dominant parameters (northeast study region), collectively showed unstable (southeast region). findings presented here highlight temporally nonuniform variability, there are geographical coherent regions these similar. Considering continued future, our results provide regional perspectives recent broad-scale relationships trees across temperate boreal transition around Sea.

Language: Английский

Citations

160