Quantifying the relationships between soil fraction mass, fraction carbon, and total soil carbon to assess mechanisms of physical protection

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 95 - 107

Published: April 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Degradation on Water, Energy, and Carbon Cycling of the Amazon Tropical Forests

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(8)

Published: June 30, 2020

Abstract Selective logging, fragmentation, and understory fires directly degrade forest structure composition. However, studies addressing the effects of degradation on carbon, water, energy cycles are scarce. Here, we integrate field observations high‐resolution remote sensing from airborne lidar to provide realistic initial conditions Ecosystem Demography Model (ED‐2.2) investigate how disturbances affect gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), sensible heat flux (H). We used structural information retrieved samples (13,500 ha) calibrated with 817 inventory plots (0.25 across precipitation gradients in eastern Amazon as ED‐2.2 model. Our results show that magnitude seasonality fluxes were modulated by changes caused degradation. During dry season under typical conditions, severely degraded forests (biomass loss ≥66 %) experienced water stress declines ET (up 34%) GPP 35%) increases H 43%) daily mean ground temperatures 6.5°C) relative intact forests. In contrast, impact energy, carbon markedly diminishes extreme, multiyear droughts, a consequence severe highlight driven not only climate deforestation but also past disturbance degradation, suggesting much broader influence human land use activities tropical ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Improving Predictions of Climate Change–Land Use Change Interactions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 29 - 38

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Novel temperatures are already widespread beneath the world’s tropical forest canopies

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 753 - 759

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Tropical forest biodiversity is potentially at high risk from climate change, but most species reside within or below the canopy, where they are buffered extreme temperatures. Here, by modelling hourly below-canopy conditions of 300,000 tropical locations globally between 1990 and 2019, we show that recent small increases in temperature (<1 °C) have led to highly novel regimes across tropics. This case even contiguous forest, suggesting forests sensitive change. However, globe, some areas experienced relatively non-novel thus serve as important refugia require urgent protection restoration. pantropical analysis changes climatic challenges prevailing notion canopies reduce severity change impacts.

Language: Английский

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Understanding context dependency in the response of forest understorey plant communities to nitrogen deposition

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 1787 - 1799

Published: July 23, 2018

Language: Английский

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Microclimate buffering and thermal tolerance across elevations in a tropical butterfly

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Microclimatic variability in tropical forests plays a key role shaping species distributions and their ability to cope with environmental change, especially for ectotherms. Nonetheless, currently available climatic datasets lack data from the forest interior and, furthermore, our knowledge of thermal tolerance among ectotherms is limited. We therefore studied natural variation microclimate experienced by butterflies genus Heliconius across Andean range single year. found that strongly buffers temperature humidity understorey, lowlands, where temperatures are more extreme. There were systematic differences between yearly records macroclimate databases (WorldClim2), lower interpolated minimum maximum higher than expected. then assessed 10 butterfly wild populations at high elevations had significantly heat those elevations. However, when we reared widespread H. erato low common-garden environment, difference was reduced, indicating plasticity this trait. Microclimate buffering not captured publicly datasets, but could be crucial enabling upland shifting sensitive such as highland Plasticity may alleviate effects global warming on some ectotherm species, research needed understand long-term consequences species.

Language: Английский

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Vertebrate population trends are influenced by interactions between land use, climatic position, habitat loss and climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 797 - 815

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

Rapid human-driven environmental changes are impacting animal populations around the world. Currently, land-use and climate change two of biggest pressures facing biodiversity. However, studies investigating impacts these on population trends often do not consider potential interactions between change. Further, a population's climatic position (how close ambient temperature precipitation conditions to species' tolerance limits) is known influence responses but has yet be investigated with regard its over time. Consequently, important variations across ranges in may being overlooked. Here, we combine data from Living Planet BioTIME databases carry out global analysis exploring land use, habitat loss, position, variables, vertebrate trends. By bringing datasets together, analyse 7,000 42 countries. We find that interacting rates Moreover, features local landscape (such as surrounding cover) play roles interactions. For example, agricultural uses where maximum temperatures were closer their hot thermal limit, declined at faster when there had also been rapid losses semi-natural habitat. The complex variables highlight importance taking intraspecific variation into account. Understanding how drivers populations, this varies spatially, critical if identify risk, predict future produce suitable conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Novel light regimes in European forests

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 196 - 202

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Priorities for embedding ecological integrity in climate adaptation policy and practice

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 632 - 644

Published: June 1, 2023

Humanity must adapt rapidly to climate change as the impacts accelerate. Growing scientific evidence underscores role of ecological integrity in improving adaptation outcomes for nature and people by providing refugia biodiversity, buffering natural hazards, protecting freshwater resources, benefiting human health. However, initiatives have largely neglected prioritize integrity, even though it is critical effective achieving global conservation goals. Here, we highlight how biodiversity policy practice can help manage ecosystems social outcomes. We discuss challenges associated with operationalizing describe seven priorities scientists, policymakers, practitioners improve through supporting retention high-integrity restoration low-integrity ecosystems. Finally, show linking these UN frameworks on climate, sustainable development would attain best a changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Structural changes caused by selective logging undermine the thermal buffering capacity of tropical forests

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 109912 - 109912

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Selective logging is responsible for approximately 50 % of human-induced disturbances in tropical forests. The magnitude from on the structure forests varies widely and associated with a multitude impacts forest microclimate. However, it still unclear how changes spatial arrangement vegetation arising selective affect capacity to buffer large-scale climate (i.e., macroclimate) variability. In this study, we leveraged hundreds terrestrial LiDAR measurements across Malaysian Borneoto quantify canopy structural traits, using space-for-time approach. This information was combined locally measured microclimate temperatures understory evaluate alter macroclimate We found that heavily logged were 12 m shorter had 65 lower plant area density than unlogged forests, most material allocated first 10 above ground. Heavily average 1.5 °C warmer More strikingly, show subtle sufficient reduce cooling during extremely warm days (e.g., anomalies > 2σ), while often under same conditions. Our results thus demonstrate substantial fine-scale thermal regime understory. Hence, mitigating managing will be critical maintaining niches limits within future.

Language: Английский

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