Animal life history is shaped by the pace of life and the distribution of age-specific mortality and reproduction

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(8), P. 1217 - 1224

Published: July 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Cities can host significant biological diversity. Yet, urbanisation leads to the loss of habitats, species, and functional groups. Understanding how multiple taxa respond globally is essential promote conserve biodiversity in cities. Using a dataset encompassing six terrestrial faunal (amphibians, bats, bees, birds, carabid beetles reptiles) across 379 cities on 6 continents, we show that produces taxon-specific changes trait composition, with traits related reproductive strategy showing strongest response. Our findings suggest results four syndromes (mobile generalists, site specialists, central place foragers, mobile specialists), resources associated reproduction diet likely driving patterns mobility body size. Functional diversity measures showed varied responses, leading shifts space driven by critical resource distribution abundance, syndromes. Maximising opportunities support different urban should be pivotal conservation management programmes within among This will reduce likelihood biotic homogenisation helps ensure environments have capacity future challenges. These actions are reframe role global loss.

Language: Английский

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Impact of urbanization on abundance and phenology of caterpillars and consequences for breeding in an insectivorous bird

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 1143 - 1156

Published: April 21, 2018

Urbanization can have marked effects on plant and animal populations' phenology, population size, predator-prey, interactions reproductive success. These aspects are rarely studied simultaneously in a single system, some investigated, e.g., how insect phenology responds to urban development. Here, we study tri-trophic system of trees, phytophagous insects (caterpillars), insectivorous birds (Great Tits) assess urbanization influences (1) the each component this (2) abundance, (3) avian We use data from two forest sites Hungary, central Europe, collected over four consecutive years. Despite trend earlier leaf emergence sites, there is no evidence for an peak caterpillar abundance. Thus, contrary frequently stated prediction literature, breeding bird populations not associated with availability. seasonal dynamics biomass exhibited striking differences between habitat types clear forests, several much smaller peaks sites. Caterpillar was higher forests than areas across entire sampling period, 8.5 24 times during first brood's chick-rearing period. This taller trees or tree species identity, occurred despite most our focal being native area. Urban Great Tits laid clutches, experienced more frequent nestling mortality starvation, reared fewer offspring fledging age, their fledglings had lower body mass. Our strongly indicates that food limitation responsible success cities, which driven by reduced availability preferred diet, i.e., caterpillars, rather phenological shifts timing

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult population in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. e0240971 - e0240971

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Objective This review was done to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult general population in India. We also wanted find gender, setting, and region-wide distribution MS Methods conducted systematic searches various databases including Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library Google Scholar from inception until August 2019. included studies India reporting adults aged 18 years or more. used Newcastle Ottawa scale assess quality studies. carried out a meta-analysis with random-effects model reported pooled 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Funnel plot publication biases. Results In total, we analysed 113 data 111 133,926 participants. Majority (76 111) had low risk bias. found significant heterogeneity (p<0.001). symmetrical funnel indicating an absence The 30% (95%CI: 28%-33%). There steady increase burden across age groups 13% (18–29 group) 50% (50–59 years). that people living urban areas (32%; 95%CI: 29%-36%) higher when compared tribal (28%; 21%-36%) rural (22%; 20%-25%). Gender showed females (35%; 31%-38%) males 26% 22%-29%). Conclusion Almost one three suffer MS. Females, northeast region Development implementation policies protocols for screening would enable us early diagnosis treatment special focus towards vulnerable high-risk groups.

Language: Английский

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Food availability limits avian reproduction in the city: An experimental study on great tits Parus major

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(7), P. 1570 - 1580

Published: May 17, 2020

Abstract The altered ecological and environmental conditions in towns cities strongly affect demographic traits of urban animal populations, for example avian reproductive success is often reduced. Previous work suggests that this partly driven by low insect availability during the breeding season, but robust experimental evidence supports food limitation hypothesis not yet available. We tested core predictions using a controlled experiment provided supplementary (nutritionally enhanced mealworms supplied daily to meet 40%–50% each supplemented brood's requirements) great tit nestlings forest habitats. measured parental provisioning rates estimated amount consumed control nestlings, assessed their body size survival rates. Provisioning were similar across habitats broods, (and control) broods large quantities food. As predicted we found (a) had smaller nestling than those broods; (b) rates; (c) larger crucially (d) broods. Our results provide rare support strong negative effects rearing period on birds' success. Furthermore, fact almost completely eliminated habitat differences rate suggest stressors other shortage contributed relatively little reduced Finally, given impacts taking clutch into account, our populations study system would need be increased factor at least 2.5 tits have

Language: Английский

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Urban exploiters have broader dietary niches than urban avoiders

Ibis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 162(1), P. 42 - 49

Published: April 6, 2019

Urbanization is currently one of the most pervasive threats to biodiversity worldwide, yet traits permitting birds exploit urban environments are not fully understood. I used bird related diet (dietary item and foraging stratum), accounting for latitude, body size, development mode phylogeny, compare breadths exploiters avoiders, using a global dataset (463 species). Urban (urban species) were larger, consumed more vertebrates carrion, fed frequently on ground or aerially, also had broader diets than avoiders (non‐urban In contrast, species narrower strata ranges non‐urban species. These results only support hypothesis that share dietary allowing them cope with but highlight importance considering multiple properly quantify niches when assessing species’ response environmental change.

Language: Английский

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The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 615 - 629

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Abstract Aim Cities worldwide are characterized by unique human stressors that filter species based on their traits, potentially leading to biodiversity loss. The knowledge of which filtered and at scale is important gain a more mechanistic understanding urban community assembly develop strategies manage impact ecosystems. We investigate the ecological mechanisms shaping assembly, taking into account changes across scales, taxa green space types. Location City Zurich, Switzerland. Taxon Carabid beetles wild bees. Methods use large occurrence trait dataset with high spatial resolution assess filtering effect medium‐sized city regional pool potential colonists. then from five widely distributed types spaces. Results found our model selects for functionally similar but taxonomically diverse bee carabid beetle pool. Within city, processes vary among resulting in taxonomic functional composition. Main conclusions Our findings suggest multi‐scale process dominated strong environmental an This leads selection pre‐adapted conditions. Spatial habitat heterogeneity within UGS can maintain diversity cities. However, increasing would require stronger management efforts consider processes.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic variation in urban environments: mechanisms and implications

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 171 - 182

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Evolution in Cities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 519 - 540

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of forces ways and avenues address classic questions. However, while variation within among affords many advance biology research, careful alignment between how are used questions being asked is necessary maximize insights that can be gained. In this review, we develop a framework help guide urban evolution approaches Using framework, highlight what has been accomplished date field identify several up-and-coming directions for further expansion. We conclude environments as test beds tackle both long-standing biology.

Language: Английский

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A global meta‐analysis reveals higher variation in breeding phenology in urban birds than in their non‐urban neighbours

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 2552 - 2570

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Cities pose a major ecological challenge for wildlife worldwide. Phenotypic variation, which can result from underlying genetic variation or plasticity, is an important metric to understand eco-evolutionary responses environmental change. Recent work suggests that urban populations might have higher levels of phenotypic than non-urban counterparts. This prediction, however, has never been tested across species nor over broad geographical range. Here, we conducted meta-analysis the avian literature compare versus means and in phenology (i.e. lay date) reproductive effort clutch size, number fledglings). First, show reproduce earlier smaller broods conspecifics. Second, laying date populations. arises differences between within breeding seasons, conceivably due landscape heterogeneity habitats. These findings reveal novel effect urbanisation on animal life histories with potential implications adaptation environments (which will require further investigation). The birds subjected disturbance could plastic heterogeneous environment, phenology, possibly linked evolutionary potential.

Language: Английский

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