Human footprint in the abyss: 30 year records of deep-sea plastic debris

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 204 - 212

Published: April 6, 2018

This study reports plastic debris pollution in the deep-sea based on information from a recently developed database. The Global Oceanographic Data Center (GODAC) of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) launched Deep-sea Debris Database public use March 2017. database archives photographs videos that have been collected since 1983 by submersibles remotely operated vehicles. From 5010 dives database, 3425 man-made items were counted. More than 33% was macro-plastic, which 89% single-use products, these ratios increased to 52% 92%, respectively, areas deeper 6000 m. deepest record bag at 10898 m Mariana Trench. organisms observed 17% images, include entanglement bags chemosynthetic cold seep communities. Quantitative density analysis subset data western North Pacific showed ranging 17 335 km−2 depths 1092–5977 show that, addition resource exploitation industrial development, influence land-based human activities has reached parts ocean more 1000 km mainland. Establishment international frameworks monitoring as an Essential Ocean Variable sharing protocol are keys delivering scientific outcomes useful effective management conservation ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Globally Consistent Quantitative Observations of Planktonic Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: April 25, 2019

In this paper we review on the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles, in general, and plankton, particular, world oceans, for sizes varying from sub-micron centimeters. Some these have been years while others only recently emerged. Use is critical improve understanding processes that control abundances, distributions composition provide data necessary constrain ecosystem biogeochemical models, forecast changes marine ecosystems light climate change. begin by providing motivation plankton observations, quantification diversity qualification a global scale. We then expand state-of-the-art, detailing variety relevant (mostly) mature measurements, including bulk measurements pigment composition, uses genomic, optical, acoustical methods analysis using particles counters, flow cytometers imaging devices. follow highlighting requirements observing system, approach achieve it associated challenges. conclude with ranked action-item recommendations next ten move towards our vision holistic ocean-wide system. Particularly, suggest demonstration project GO-SHIP line and/or long-term observation site there ensuring issues methods, tools, analysis, quality assessment curation are addressed early implementation. Global coordination key success will bring new insights nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries, carbon sequestration.

Language: Английский

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Marine top predators as climate and ecosystem sentinels

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 565 - 574

Published: Nov. 4, 2019

The rapid pace of environmental change in the Anthropocene necessitates development a new suite tools for measuring ecosystem dynamics. Sentinel species can provide insight into function, identify hidden risks to human health, and predict future change. As sentinels, marine apex (top) predators offer unique perspective ocean processes, given that they move across basins amplify trophic information multiple spatiotemporal scales. Because use terms “ecosystem sentinel” “climate has proliferated scientific literature, there is need properties make effective sentinels. We clear definition term “sentinel”, review attributes identified as describe how such sentinels could strengthen our understanding management ecosystems. contend will enable response adaptation variability

Language: Английский

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A Roadmap for Using the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development in Support of Science, Policy, and Action

One Earth, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 34 - 42

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide changing ocean chemistry disrupting species throughout food webs, fundamental capacity regulate been altered. However, key technical, organizational, conceptual scientific barriers have prevented identification policy levers for sustainability transformative action. Here, we recommend strategies address these challenges, including (1) stronger integration sciences (2) ocean-observing systems, (3) improved science-policy interfaces, (4) new partnerships supported by (5) ocean-climate finance system, (6) literacy education modify social norms behaviors. Adopting could help establish science as foundation broader transformations.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: May 29, 2019

The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic system provides critical climate regulation, houses a wealth energy, mineral, biological resources, represents vast repository diversity. A long history deep-ocean observation led to initial concept for Deep-Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), under auspices Global Ocean System (GOOS). Here we discuss scientific need globally integrated observing, its status, key questions societal mandates driving observing requirements over next decade. We consider Essential Variables (EOVs) needed address challenges within physical, biogeochemical, biological/ecosystem sciences according Framework (FOO), map these onto questions. Opportunities new expanded synergies among stakeholders are discussed, including academic-industry partnerships with oil gas, mining, cable fishing industries, mapping community, biodiversity conservation initiatives. Future will benefit from greater integration across traditional disciplines sectors, achieved through demonstration projects facilitated reuse repurposing existing deep-sea data efforts. highlight examples emerging methods technologies, noting associated volume, preservation, standardization, accessibility. Emerging technologies relevant sustainability blue economy include novel genomics approaches, imaging ultra-deep hydrographic measurements. Capacity building be necessary integrate capabilities into programs at global scale. Progress can Open Science Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles converge agreed standards, practices, vocabularies, registries. envision expansion community embrace participation academia, industry, NGOs, national governments, international governmental organizations, public large in order unlock knowledge contained coming decades, realize mutual benefits thoughtful all elements sustainable ocean.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Marine Biological Observations and Data Requirements of the Complementary Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) Frameworks

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: June 27, 2018

Measurements of the status and trends key indicators for ocean marine life are required to inform policy management in context growing human uses resources, coastal development, climate change. Two synergistic efforts identify specific priority variables monitoring: Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) through Global Observing System (GOOS), Biodiversity (EBVs) from Group on Earth Observations Observation Network (GEO BON). Both systems support reporting against internationally agreed conventions treaties. GOOS, established under auspices Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), plays a leading role coordinating global monitoring definition EOVs. GEO BON is biodiversity observation network that coordinates observations enhance world's promote both awareness accounting ecosystem services. Convergence agreement between these two streamline existing new programs advance scientific knowledge effectively sustainable use spaces resources. In this context, Marine (MBON), thematic component BON, collaborating with Biogeographic Information (OBIS), Integrated Biosphere Research (IMBeR) project ensure EBVs EOVs complementary, representing alternative common set measurements. This work informed by Joint Technical Oceanography Meteorology (JCOMM), an intergovernmental body technical experts helps international coordination best practices observing, data services, combined capacity development expertise. Characterizing understanding its drivers will require incorporation traditional molecular taxonomy, animal tagging tracking efforts, biogeochemistry, observatory initiatives including deep seafloor. The partnership large-scale observing product distribution (MBON, OBIS, JCOMM, GOOS) expedited, effective way policy-level assessments (e.g., Science-Policy Platform Ecosystem Services or IPBES), along implementation goals United Nations Sustainable Development Goals).

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA reveals seasonal shifts and potential interactions in a marine community

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2020

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis allows the simultaneous examination of organisms across multiple trophic levels and domains life, providing critical information about complex biotic interactions related to ecosystem change. Here we used multilocus amplicon sequencing eDNA survey biodiversity from an eighteen-month (2015–2016) time-series seawater samples Monterey Bay, California. The resulting dataset encompasses 663 taxonomic groups (at Family or higher rank) ranging microorganisms mammals. We inferred changes in composition communities, revealing putative among taxa identifying correlations between these communities environmental properties over time. Community network provided evidence expected predator-prey relationships, linkages, seasonal shifts all life. conclude that eDNA-based analyses can provide detailed marine dynamics identify sensitive biological indicators suggest inform conservation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Ecological variables for developing a global deep-ocean monitoring and conservation strategy

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 181 - 192

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 26, 2019

Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers networks of acoustic receivers allow be reliably monitored over scales tens meters thousands kilometres, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, phenology migratory patterns biotic abiotic factors drive distributions. Furthermore, environmental variables can collected using as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial temporal coverage global oceanographic observation systems. The use animal therefore has capacity provide measures suite essential ocean (EOVs) improved monitoring Earth's Here we outline design features systems, describe current applications benefits challenges, discuss future directions. We new analytical techniques improve our ability not only quantify movements but also framework comparative studies across taxa. application its collect data, how data incorporated role these play in management.

Language: Английский

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Toward a Coordinated Global Observing System for Seagrasses and Marine Macroalgae

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: July 4, 2019

In coastal areas around the world, dominant primary producers are benthic macrophytes, including seagrasses and macroalgae, that provide habitat structure food for diverse abundant populations communities, drive ecosystem processes. Seagrass meadows macroalgal forests economically central to human particularly in developing contributing fisheries yield, storm protection, blue carbon storage, important cultural values. These services threatened worldwide by activities, with substantial of seagrass kelp lost over last half-century. Tracking status trends marine macrophyte cover quality is an emerging priority ocean management, but doing so has been challenged limited coordination across numerous efforts monitor which vary widely goals, methodologies, scales, capacity, governance approaches, data availability. Here, we present a consensus assessment recommendations on current state opportunities advancing global observations, integrating contributions from community researchers broad geographic disciplinary expertise. The time ripe harmonize observations building existing networks identifying core set common metrics approaches sampling design, field measurements, taxonomy, governance, capacity building, management. A observation would then be facilitated ensuring rigorous documentation, archiving open-access sharing protocols resources at all stages workflow, surveys provision data. Realizing these will produce more effective, efficient, responsive observing, accurate picture change systems, stronger international sustaining observations.

Language: Английский

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