Coral Reef Monitoring, Reef Assessment Technologies, and Ecosystem-Based Management

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

Coral reefs are exceptionally biodiverse, and human dependence on their ecosystem services is high. Reefs experience significant direct indirect anthropogenic pressures, provide a sensitive indicator of coastal ocean health, climate change acidification, with associated implications for society. Monitoring coral reef status trends essential to better inform science, management policy, but the projected collapse systems within few decades makes provision accurate actionable monitoring data urgent. The Global Reef Network has been foundation global reporting two decades, entering into new phase improved operational standards incorporating Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) (www.goosocean.org/eov) Framework Observing developed by System. Three EOVs robust description health: hard cover composition, macro-algal canopy cover, fish diversity abundance. A quality model based comprehensive metadata designed facilitate maximum coverage data, tangible steps track capacity building. Improved events such as mass bleaching disease outbreaks, citizen science socio-economic have potential greatly improve relevance managers stakeholders, address complex multi- dimensional interactions between people. XX THERE IS SOMETHING WRONG IN THE ABSTRACT WORD LIMIT, ONE MORE PARAGRAPH WAS INCLUDED ORIGINAL TEXT!!

Language: Английский

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Microplastic pollution as a grand challenge in marine research: A closer look at their adverse impacts on the immune and reproductive systems

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 111109 - 111109

Published: Aug. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 4, 2019

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security and human health. Given their vast dimensions internal complexity, efficient monitoring predicting of the planet's ocean must be collaborative effort both regional scale. A first foremost requirement for observing is need to follow well-defined reproducible methods across activities: from strategies structuring systems, sensor deployment usage, generation data information products, ethical governance aspects when executing observing. To meet urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, all evolve into "Ocean Best Practices". While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered Web or buried local repositories yet digitized. reduce this fragmentation, introduce new open access, permanent, digital repository practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that part Ocean Practices System (OBPS). OBPS provides an opportunity space centralized coordinated improvement methods. employs user-friendly software significantly improve discovery access includes advanced semantic technologies search capabilities enhance operations. In addition repository, also peer reviewed Journal Research Topic, forum community discussion training activity use practices. Together, these components serve realize core objective OBPS, which enable create superior every research operations applications agreed upon broadly adopted communities. Using selected examples, show how supports objective. This paper lays out future vision will contribute improving decade come.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between bacterioplankton to higher trophic levels play an important role global biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, we discuss key responses zooplankton ocean warming, including shifts phenology, range, body size, assess the implications biological carbon pump interactions with levels. Our synthesis highlights knowledge gaps geographic monitoring coverage that need be urgently addressed. We also integrated sampling approach combines traditional novel techniques improve observation benefit populations modelling future scenarios under changes.

Language: Английский

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One hundred priority questions for advancing seagrass conservation in Europe

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 587 - 603

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Seagrass ecosystems are of fundamental importance to our planet and wellbeing. Seagrasses marine flowering plants, which engineer that provide a multitude ecosystem services, for example, blue foods carbon sequestration. have largely been degraded across much their global range. There is now increasing interest in the conservation restoration these systems, particularly context climate emergency biodiversity crisis. The collation 100 questions from experts Europe could, if answered, improve ability conserve restore systems by facilitating shift success such work. Summary meadows numerous services including biodiversity, coastal protection, In Europe, seagrasses can be found shallow sheltered waters along coastlines, estuaries & lagoons, around islands, but distribution has declined. Factors as poor water quality, modification, mechanical damage, overfishing, land‐sea interactions, change disease reduced coverage Europe’s necessitating recovery. Research, monitoring efforts on seagrass mostly uncoordinated biased towards certain species regions, resulting inadequate delivery critical information management. Here, we aim identify priority questions, addressed would strongly advance monitoring, research Europe. Using Delphi method, researchers, practitioners, policymakers with experience diverse expertise participated process involved formulation voting an online workshop final list questions. covers areas nine themes: Biodiversity Ecology; Ecosystem services; Blue carbon; Fishery support; Drivers, Threats, Resilience Response; Monitoring Assessment; Conservation Restoration; Governance, Policy Management; Communication. Answering will fill current knowledge gaps place European onto positive trajectory

Language: Английский

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Global Observational Needs and Resources for Marine Biodiversity

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: July 23, 2019

Living resources in the sea are essential to economic, nutritional, recreational, and health needs of billions people. Variation biodiversity that characterizes marine systems, which underlies numerous ecosystem services provided humans, is being rapidly altered by changing environmental factors human activity. Understanding underlying causes these patterns, forecasting where future changes likely occur, requires monitoring patterns organism abundance, diversity, distribution health; productivity function; allelic diversity genetic expression. To achieve this goal it necessary observations accompanied metrics socio-economic drivers. However, existing global ocean observing activities often do not explicitly consider associated processes. Implementing operational programs observe life increasingly critical understanding responses species ecosystems stressors, overall impacts on natural capital, services, welfare. Here we describe efforts community advance broad partnerships, shared approaches best practices toward a standardized yet flexible, integrated system serves information resource managers decision-makers, scientists educators, from local scales.

Language: Английский

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In situ Autonomous Acquisition and Preservation of Marine Environmental DNA Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: July 16, 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to identify macroorganisms and describe biodiversity, thus has promise supplement biological monitoring in marine ecosystems. Despite this promise, scaling sample acquisition the size temporal scales needed for effective would require prohibitively large investments time human resources. To improve upon these problems, here we test efficacy of an autonomous eDNA sampling system compare results obtained traditional methods. The instrument consisted Sample Processor, (ESP) coupled underwater vehicle (AUV). We tested equivalency between ESP methods by comparing quantification across a broad range taxa, from microbes (SAR11), phytoplankton (Pseudo-nitzschia spp.), invertebrates (krill: Euphausia pacifica) vertebrates (anchovy: Engraulis mordax). No significant differences densities were observed collection filtration filters collected preserved stable 21 days, typical deployment length instrumentation. Finally, demonstrated unique capabilities autonomous, mobile during near Monterey Bay, CA, remotely repeatedly water mass over 12 hours. development reveals utilizing measurements observe complex processes.

Language: Английский

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Scaling Up From Regional Case Studies to a Global Harmful Algal Bloom Observing System

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: May 22, 2019

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) produce local impacts in nearly all freshwater and marine systems. They are a global problem that require integrated coordinated scientific understanding leading to regional responses solutions. Given these natural phenomena will never be completely eliminated, improved of HAB dynamics coupled with monitoring ocean observations facilitates new prediction prevention strategies. Regional efforts underway worldwide create state-of-the-art forecasting tools, vulnerability assessments, observing networks. In the United States, include Alaska, Pacific Northwest, California, Gulf Mexico, Maine, Great Lakes, U.S. Caribbean islands. This paper examines several programs European Union, Asia concludes there is no one-size-fits-all approach. At same time, successful strong coordination stakeholders institutional sustainability maintain reinforce them automating technologies, wherever possible, ensure integration modelling multiple national programs. Recommendations for scaling up system HABs can summarized as follows: 1) advance improve cost-effective sustainable forecast systems address HAB-risk warning requirements key end-users at levels; 2) design leverage expand evaluate emerging technologies Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) Biodiversity (EBVs) order support interregional technology comparisons networks capabilities; 3) fill essential need sustained, preferably automated, near real-time information from nearshore offshore sites situated transport pathways provide improved, advanced warnings; 4) merge ecological knowledge models existing Earth System Modelling Frameworks enhance end-to-end capabilities scenario-building; 5) seasonal decadal forecasts allow governments plan, adapt changing environment, coastal industries supported sustained years ahead; 6) implementation recent calls action by Nations Decade 2010 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) develop indicators relevant an effective early system.

Language: Английский

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What We Have Learned From the Framework for Ocean Observing: Evolution of the Global Ocean Observing System

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Aug. 20, 2019

The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and its partners have worked together over the past decade to break down barriers between open-ocean coastal observing, scientific disciplines, operational research institutions. Here we discuss some GOOS successes challenges from decade, present ideas for moving forward, including highlights of 2030 Strategy published in 2019. OceanObs'09 meeting Venice 2009 resulted a remarkable consensus on need common set guidelines global ocean observing community. Work following led development Framework (FOO) 2012 adopted by as foundational document that same year. FOO provides setting requirements, assessing technology readiness, usefulness data products users. evaluate implementation consider ways ensure broader use principles. proliferation activities around world is extremely diverse not managed, or even overseen by, any one entity. lack coherent governance has duplication varying degrees clarity, responsibility, coordination sharing. had considerable success encouraging voluntary collaboration across much this broad community, increased partly effective governance, but remains be done. outline several approaches deliver more achieve our collective vision fully society's needs. What would well-structured arrangement look like? Can existing system modified? Do rebuild it scratch? We case evolution versus revolution. Community-wide consideration these issues will timely important before, during OceanObs'19 September

Language: Английский

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Monitoring global changes in biodiversity and climate essential as ecological crisis intensifies

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101033 - 101033

Published: Nov. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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