People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(17)

Published: April 19, 2021

Significance The current biodiversity crisis is often depicted as a struggle to preserve untouched habitats. Here, we combine global maps of human populations and land use over the past 12,000 y with data show that nearly three quarters terrestrial nature has long been shaped by diverse histories habitation Indigenous traditional peoples. With rare exceptions, losses are caused not conversion or degradation ecosystems, but rather appropriation, colonization, intensification in lands inhabited used prior societies. Global history confirms empowering environmental stewardship peoples local communities will be critical conserving across planet.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity impacts and conservation implications of urban land expansion projected to 2050

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(12)

Published: March 14, 2022

SignificanceUnderstanding the impacts of urbanization and associated urban land expansion on species is vital for informed planning that minimizes biodiversity loss. Predicting habitat will be lost to over 30,000 under three different future scenarios, we find up 855 are directly threatened due unmitigated urbanization. Our projections pinpoint rapidly urbanizing regions sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Mesoamerica, Southeast Asia where, without careful planning, expected cause particularly large findings highlight urgent need an increased focus in global conservation strategies identify high-priority areas this engagement.

Language: Английский

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Social physics

Physics Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 1 - 148

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 757 - 776

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Abstract A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale dependence in BEF relationship: (1) a nonlinear change slope relationship with spatial scale; (2) scale‐dependent between stability extent; (3) coexistence within among sites will result positive at larger scales; (4) temporal autocorrelation environmental variability affects species turnover thus (5) connectivity metacommunities generates relationships by affecting population synchrony local regional (6) scaling food web structure diversity generate functioning. suggest directions synthesis that combine approaches metaecosystem metacommunity ecology integrate cross‐scale feedbacks. Tests this may remote sensing generation networked experiments assess effects multiple also show how anthropogenic land cover alter relationship. New research role guide policy linking goals managing ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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A global record of annual terrestrial Human Footprint dataset from 2000 to 2018

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 19, 2022

Human Footprint, the pressure imposed on eco-environment by changing ecological processes and natural landscapes, is raising worldwide concerns biodiversity conservation. Due to lack of spatiotemporally consistent datasets Footprint over a long temporal span, many relevant studies this topic have been limited. Here, we mapped annual dynamics global from 2000 2018 using eight variables that reflect different aspects human pressures. The accuracy assessment revealed good agreement between our results previously developed in years. We found more than two million km

Language: Английский

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Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(22), P. 3690 - 3690

Published: Nov. 10, 2020

The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also preserve biodiversity, well improve biodiversity conservation ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches platforms have been used the past enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, objective of characteristics their traits. This contribution provides state-of-the-art review RS-based these traits, by presenting examples aeolian, fluvial, coastal landforms. Different crucial discipline geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing implementation technologies such LiDAR, RADAR, multi-spectral hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products that could future introduced. use spectral traits (ST) trait variation (STV) with geomorphic diversity monitored. We focus on requirements specifically aimed overcoming some key limitations ecological modeling, namely: linking in-situ, close-range, air- spaceborne technologies, science components better understanding impacts complex ecosystems. paper aims impart multidimensional information obtained improved utilization monitoring.

Language: Английский

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A “Global Safety Net” to reverse biodiversity loss and stabilize Earth’s climate

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(36)

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

The “Global Safety Net” shows where nature could be conserved and connected to reverse biodiversity loss stabilize climate.

Language: Английский

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Change in Terrestrial Human Footprint Drives Continued Loss of Intact Ecosystems

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 371 - 382

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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The role of ecosystems in mitigation and management of Covid-19 and other zoonoses

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 7 - 17

Published: May 26, 2020

There is rising international concern about the zoonotic origins of many global pandemics. Increasing human-animal interactions are perceived as driving factors in pathogen transfer, emphasising close relationships between human, animal and environmental health. Contemporary livelihood market patterns tend to degrade ecosystems their services, a cycle degradation increasingly tightly linked socio-ecological systems. This contributes reductions natural regulating capacities ecosystem services limit disease transfer from animals humans. It also undermines resource availability, compromising measures such washing sanitation that may be key managing subsequent human-to-human transmission. Human activities this degrading convert beneficial into disservices, exacerbating risks related diseases. Conversely, protect or restore constitute investment foundational capital, enhancing provide for greater human security opportunity. We use DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State change-Impact-Response) framework explore three aspects diseases: (1) significance regulation emergence Covid-19 other diseases; protection resources mitigating contributions both (2) transfer; (3) treatment outbreaks. From analysis, we identify set appropriate response options, recognising roles they risk management. Zoonotic ultimately interlinked with biodiversity crises water insecurity. The need respond pandemic ongoing at time writing creates an opportunity systemic policy change, placing scientific knowledge value heart societal concerns foundation more secure future. Rapid political responses unprecedented economic stimuli reacting demonstrate change achievable scale pace, therefore transferrable existential, global-scale threats including climate 'biodiversity crisis'. highlights concerted action, consistent duties, self-interests, developed, donor nations.

Language: Английский

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Global areas of low human impact (‘Low Impact Areas’) and fragmentation of the natural world

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2019

Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities is the leading cause of biodiversity ecosystem services. Protected areas are primary response this challenge cornerstone conservation efforts. Roughly 15% land currently protected although there momentum dramatically raise area targets towards 50%. But, how much remains in a natural state? We answer critical question by using open-access, frequently updated data sets on terrestrial impacts create new categorical map global influence ('Low Impact Areas') at 1 km2 resolution. found that 56% surface, minus permanent ice snow, has low impact. This suggests increased could be met minimally impacted people, substantial variation across ecoregions biomes. While habitat well documented, differences rates between biomes received little attention. Low Areas uniquely enabled us calculate biomes, we compared these an idealized globe with no human-caused fragmentation. The heavily fragmented, compromised reduced patch size core area, exposed edge effects. Tropical dry forests temperate grasslands world's most demonstrate when considered addition loss, species, ecosystems associated services worse condition than previously reported.

Language: Английский

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