The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Heavy metals and metalloid in aquatic invertebrates: A review of single/mixed forms, combination with other pollutants, and environmental factors

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 114959 - 114959

Published: May 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ecological change in dynamic environments: Accounting for temporal environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 54 - 67

Published: Nov. 19, 2019

Abstract The environmental conditions in the ocean have long been considered relatively more stable through time compared to on land. Advances sensing technologies, however, are increasingly revealing substantial fluctuations abiotic factors over ecologically and evolutionarily relevant timescales ocean, leading a growing recognition of dynamism marine environment as well new questions about how this may influence species' vulnerability global change. In some instances, diurnal or seasonal variability major change drivers, such temperature, pH seawater carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen, can exceed changes expected with continued anthropogenic While biologists begun experimentally test mediates responses mean, extensive literature adaptations temporal their implications for evolutionary has not integrated into field. Here, we review physiological mechanisms underlying p CO 2 /pH (and other parameters), discuss what is known behavioral, plastic, strategies dealing variable environments. addition, exposure mean highlight key research needs biology.

Language: Английский

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A coralline alga gains tolerance to ocean acidification over multiple generations of exposure

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 143 - 146

Published: Jan. 20, 2020

Language: Английский

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Coast‐wide evidence of low pH amelioration by seagrass ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2580 - 2591

Published: March 31, 2021

Abstract Global‐scale ocean acidification has spurred interest in the capacity of seagrass ecosystems to increase seawater pH within crucial shoreline habitats through photosynthetic activity. However, dynamic variability coastal carbonate system impeded generalization into whether aerobic metabolism ameliorates low on physiologically and ecologically relevant timescales. Here we present results most extensive study date modulation by seagrasses, spanning seven meadows ( Zostera marina ) 1000 km U.S. west coast over 6 years. Amelioration compared non‐vegetated areas occurred 65% time (mean 0.07 ± 0.008 SE). Events continuous elevation ecosystems, indicating amelioration pH, were longer greater magnitude than opposing cases reduced or exacerbation. Sustained elevations >0.1, comparable a 30% decrease [H + ], not restricted only daylight hours but instead persisted for up 21 days. Maximal spring summer during growth season, with tendency stronger effects higher latitude meadows. These indicate that can locally alleviate conditions extended periods important implications conservation management ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Response of large benthic foraminifera to climate and local changes: Implications for future carbonate production

Sedimentology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 121 - 161

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Large benthic foraminifera are major carbonate components in tropical platforms, important producers, stratigraphic tools and powerful bioindicators (proxies) of environmental change. The application large coral reef environments has gained considerable momentum recent years. These modern ecological assessments often carried out by micropalaeontologists or ecologists with expertise the identification foraminifera. However, have been under‐represented favour macro reef‐builders, for example, corals calcareous algae. contribute about 5% to reef‐scale sediment production. Their substantial size abundance reflected their symbiotic association living algae inside tests. When foraminiferal holobiont (the combination between host microalgal photosymbiont) dies, remaining test renourishes supply, which maintains stabilizes shorelines low‐lying islands. Geological records reveal episodes (i.e. late Palaeocene early Eocene epochs) prolific production warmer oceans than today, absence corals. This begs deeper consideration how will respond under future climatic scenarios higher atmospheric carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) oceans. In addition, studies highlighting complex evolutionary associations hosts algal photosymbionts, as well associated habitats, suggest potential increased tolerance a wide range conditions. full where currently dwell is not well‐understood terms present production, impact stressors. evidence acclimatization, at least few species well‐studied foraminifera, intensifying climate change within degrading ecosystems, prelude host–symbiont resilience different regimes habitats today. review also highlights knowledge gaps current understanding calcium producers across shallow shelf slope changing ocean

Language: Английский

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Corals at the edge of environmental limits: A new conceptual framework to re-define marginal and extreme coral communities

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 884, P. 163688 - 163688

Published: April 25, 2023

The worldwide decline of coral reefs has renewed interest in communities at the edge environmental limits because they have potential to serve as resilience hotspots and climate change refugia, can provide insights into how might function future ocean conditions. These are often referred marginal or extreme but few definitions exist usage these terms therefore been inconsistent. This creates significant challenges for categorising poorly studied synthesising data across locations. Furthermore, this impedes our understanding persist their lessons reef survival. Here, we propose that related distinct a novel conceptual framework redefine them. Specifically, define extremeness solely based on conditions (i.e., large deviations from optimal mean and/or variance) marginality ecological criteria altered community composition ecosystem functioning). joint independent assessment is critical avoid common pitfalls where existing outside presumed development automatically considered inferior more traditional settings. We further evaluate differential natural laboratories, discuss strategies conservation management well priorities research. Our new classification provides an important tool improve corals leverage knowledge optimise conservation, restoration rapidly changing ocean.

Language: Английский

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The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes

Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Ocean acidification (OA) refers to a global decline in the average pH of seawater driven by absorption atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Marine macroalgae, while affected this change, are also able modify through their own interaction with inorganic carbonate system. Through action, macroalgae-dominated habitats potential refugia from OA for associated marine species. This review summarises most prominent literature on role macroalgae mitigation and macroalgal serve as refugia. It includes brief overview distribution an effort illustrate where such might be prevalent. Macroalgae influence chemistry CO HCO 3 − during photosynthesis, raising surrounding process. transient effect could provide some respite negative effects many refuge varies over range scales along architecture, which size low-growing turfs large canopy-forming stands. The changes can various temporal (daily seasonal) spatial (from centimetre kilometre) scales. Areas high biomass likely play important significant Such communities distributed widely throughout globe. Large brown (Laminariales) dominated common temperate regions, members Fucales responsible substantial stands warmer tropical regions. These fields forests have great localised refuges OA. While more work needs done clarify scale, areas become considerations management resources protected area selection.

Language: Английский

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Severe 21st-century ocean acidification in Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Antarctic coastal waters are home to several established or proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) supporting exceptional biodiversity. Despite being threatened by anthropogenic climate change, uncertainties remain surrounding the future ocean acidification (OA) of these waters. Here we present 21st-century projections OA in MPAs under four emission scenarios using a high-resolution ocean-sea ice-biogeochemistry model with realistic ice-shelf geometry. By 2100, project pH declines up 0.36 (total scale) for top 200 m. Vigorous vertical mixing carbon produces severe throughout water column and existing MPAs. Consequently, end-of-century aragonite undersaturation is ubiquitous three highest scenarios. Given cumulative threat marine ecosystems environmental change activities such as fishing, our findings call strong emission-mitigation efforts further management strategies reduce pressures on ecosystems, continuation expansion

Language: Английский

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Diel temperature and pH variability scale with depth across diverse coral reef habitats

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 193 - 203

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Abstract Coral reefs are facing intensifying stressors, largely due to global increases in seawater temperature and decreases pH. However, there is extensive environmental variability within coral reef ecosystems, which can impact how organisms respond trends. We deployed spatial arrays of autonomous sensors across distinct shallow habitats determine patterns spatiotemporal physicochemical parameters. Temperature pH were positively correlated over the course a day solar heating light‐driven metabolism. The mean temporal ranges all sites, with different regimes observed types. Ultimately, depth was reliable predictor average diel both These results demonstrate that widespread on timescales related water column depth, needs be included assessments change will locally affect ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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