Microplastic effects on carbon cycling processes in soils

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e3001130 - e3001130

Published: March 30, 2021

Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles <5 mm, are found in environments, including terrestrial ecosystems, planetwide. Most research so far has focused on ecotoxicology, examining effects performance of soil biota controlled settings. As pivots to a more ecosystem and global change perspective, questions about soil-borne biogeochemical cycles become important. MPs can affect the carbon cycle numerous ways, for example, by being themselves influencing microbial processes, plant growth, or litter decomposition. Great uncertainty surrounds nano-sized particles, an expected by-product further fragmentation MPs. A major concerted effort is required understand pervasive functioning soils ecosystems; importantly, such needs capture immense diversity these terms chemistry, aging, size, shape.

Language: Английский

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Plant responses to multifactorial stress combination

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(4), P. 1161 - 1167

Published: March 12, 2022

Summary Human activity is causing a global change in plant environment that includes significant increase the number and intensity of different stress factors. These include combinations multiple abiotic biotic stressors simultaneously or sequentially impact plants microbiomes, decrease growth, yield overall health. It was recently found with increasing complexity impacting plant, growth survival decline dramatically, even if level each individual stress, involved such ‘multifactorial combination’, low enough not to have effect. Here we highlight this new concept multifactorial combination discuss its importance for our efforts develop climate change‐resilient crops.

Language: Английский

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11 Pressing Research Questions on How Light Pollution Affects Biodiversity

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is closely associated with modern societies and rapidly increasing worldwide. A dynamically growing body of literature shows that ALAN poses a serious threat to all levels biodiversity—from genes ecosystems. Many “unknowns” remain be addressed however, before we fully understand the impact on biodiversity can design effective mitigation measures. Here, distilled findings workshop effects first World Biodiversity Forum in Davos attended by several major research groups field from across globe. We argue 11 pressing questions have answered find ways reduce biodiversity. The address fundamental knowledge gaps, ranging basic challenges how standardize measurements, through multi-level impacts biodiversity, opportunities for more sustainable use.

Language: Английский

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Increasing the number of stressors reduces soil ecosystem services worldwide

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 478 - 483

Published: March 16, 2023

Increasing the number of environmental stressors could decrease ecosystem functioning in soils. Yet this relationship has never been globally assessed outside laboratory experiments. Here, using two independent global standardized field surveys, and a range natural human factors, we test between exceeding different critical thresholds maintenance multiple services across biomes. Our analysis shows that, stressors, from medium levels (>50%), negatively significantly correlates with impacts on services, that crossing high-level threshold (over 75% maximum observed levels), reduces soil biodiversity globally. The >75% was consistently seen as an important predictor therefore improving prediction functioning. findings highlight need to reduce dimensionality footprint ecosystems conserve function.

Language: Английский

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Linking evolutionary potential to extinction risk: applications and future directions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 507 - 515

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Extinction‐risk assessments play a major role in prioritizing conservation action at national and international levels. However, quantifying extinction risk is challenging, especially when including the full suite of adaptive responses to environmental change. In particular, evolutionary potential (EP) – capacity evolve genetically based changes that increase fitness under changing conditions has proven difficult evaluate, limiting its inclusion assessments. Theory, experiments, simulations, field studies all highlight importance EP characterizing mitigating risk. Disregarding can therefore result ineffective allocation resources inadequate recovery planning. Fortunately, proxies for be estimated from environmental, phenotypic, genetic data. Some incorporated into quantitative extinction‐risk assessments, whereas others better inform basic actions maximize resilience future Integration decision making challenging but essential remains an important issue innovation applied science. Front Ecol Environ 2022;

Language: Английский

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The impact of multifactorial stress combination on plants, crops, and ecosystems: how should we prepare for what comes next?

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117(6), P. 1800 - 1814

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

The complexity of environmental conditions encountered by plants in the field, or nature, is gradually increasing due to anthropogenic activities that promote global warming, climate change, and increased levels pollutants. While past it seemed sufficient study how acclimate one even two different stresses affecting them simultaneously, complex developing on our planet necessitate a new approach studying stress plants: Acclimation multiple occurring concurrently consecutively (termed, multifactorial combination [MFSC]). In an initial plant response MFSC, conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings subjected MFSC six abiotic stresses, was found increase number simultaneously impacting plant, growth survival declined, if effects each involved such minimal insignificant. three recent studies, crop plants, have similar commercial rice cultivar, maize hybrid, tomato, soybean, causing significant reductions growth, biomass, physiological parameters, and/or yield traits. As are worsening, as well becoming more complex, addressing its agriculture ecosystems worldwide becomes high priority. this review, we address crops, agriculture, worldwide, highlight potential avenues enhance resilience crops MFSC.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Positive Role of Ionic Liquids in CO₂ Capture by Poly(ethylenimine)

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(4), P. 1079 - 1090

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

CO2 capture technology is one of the most important technical methods for significantly mitigating emissions in a low-carbon context. The recent invention mixed absorbents comprising poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and ionic liquids (ILs) provides novel strategy efficiently capturing CO2, this has garnered widespread attention. However, intermolecular interactions between IL other constituents during absorption process remain unclear. In present work, series density functional theory (DFT) calculations molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate positive role by PEI. results showed that formation hydrogen bonds anion amino groups PEI primarily drives addition During process, not only can absorb but also exerts dehydrogenation effect on group PEI, facilitating enhanced interaction CO2. Additionally, substantially reduces viscosity promoting diffusion within system enhancing rate. Based information energy viscosity, we easily make theoretical predictions optimal proportion be added. above provide fundamental insights promote industrial application PEI/IL capture.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 753 - 777

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result higher pollution. Understanding existing between native weed and invasive species is crucial for effective management normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising potential resistance to invasion can help identify suitable plants restoration operations. This review aims investigate adaptations exhibited by non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, potentially confer a competitive advantage relative or are analysed. Moreover, roles biotic interactions competition, mutualistic relationships, allelopathy shaping described. Emphasis given consideration key factor provides insights conservation efforts Additionally, this underscores need further research unravel underlying mechanisms devise targeted strategies. These strategies aim promote mitigate negative effects By delving deeper into these insights, we gain an understanding ecosystems develop valuable species, restore long‐term sustainability.

Language: Английский

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The impacts of alien species on river bioassessment

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 374, P. 123874 - 123874

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Insect responses to global change offer signposts for biodiversity and conservation

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 699 - 717

Published: Nov. 11, 2020

1. Insects have emerged as causes célèbres for widespread concern about human effects on global biodiversity. Here, we consider how insects provide opportunities both to understand the ecological of change and enhance environmental conservation. 2. Despite a limited time frame geographic extent quantitative evidence, recent studies changes abundance, distribution, diversity indicate temporally heterogeneous trends which vary among taxa, regions, biotopes. These results suggest a) that insect numbers are responding multiple stressors in wider context fitness, distributions, biotic interactions result from habitat climate change; b) specialists with narrow ranges may be particularly at risk. 3. Predictions based macroecology ecophysiology can tested by combining approaches, including experiments observations over gradients latitude, elevation, urbanization; well innovative analyses data standardised monitoring schemes opportunistic historical collections citizen science. Linking these complementary approaches helps detect mechanisms influencing responses interacting drivers inform 4. The impetus debate provoked high profile reports declines promote conservation, but also obtain comprehensive evidence biodiversity thus develop communicate measures mitigate threats ecosystems change.

Language: Английский

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