Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1518 - 1546

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS deliver multiple benefits for people nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns this is distracting from need rapidly phase out use fossil fuels protect existing intact ecosystems. also expansion forestry framed a mitigation solution coming at cost rich biodiverse native ecosystems local resource rights. Here, we discuss promise pitfalls framing its current political traction, present recommendations how get message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners researchers consider synergies trade‐offs associated follow four guiding principles enable provide society: (1) not substitute rapid fuels; (2) wide range land in sea, just forests; (3) implemented full engagement consent Indigenous Peoples communities way respects their cultural ecological rights; (4) should be explicitly designed measurable biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will design robust resilient urgent sustaining nature together, now into future.

Language: Английский

---

Salinity controls soil microbial community structure and function in coastal estuarine wetlands

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 1020 - 1037

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Summary Soil salinity acts as a critical environmental filter on microbial communities, but the consequences for diversity and biogeochemical processes are poorly understood. Here, we characterized soil bacterial communities functional genes in coastal estuarine wetland ecosystem across gradient (~5 km) ranging from oligohaline to hypersaline habitats by applying PCR‐amplified 16S rRNA (rRNA) sequencing microarray‐based GeoChip 5.0 respectively. Results showed that saline soils marine intertidal supratidal zone exhibited higher richness Faith's phylogenetic than freshwater‐affected habitats. The relative abundance of taxa assigned Gammaproteobacteria , Bacteroidetes Firmicutes was with increasing salinity, while those affiliated Acidobacteria Chloroflexi Cyanobacteria were more prevalent low salinity. inferences demonstrated deterministic role filtering community assembly processes. most involved carbon degradation nitrogen cycling correlated negatively except hzo gene, suggesting anammox process tidal affected zones. Overall, effect shapes composition, act inhibitor estuary ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Meta-analysis shows the impacts of ecological restoration on greenhouse gas emissions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract International initiatives set ambitious targets for ecological restoration, which is considered a promising greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. Here, we conduct meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of restoration on emissions using dataset compiled from 253 articles. Our findings reveal that forest and grassland increase CH 4 uptake by 90.0% 30.8%, respectively, mainly due changes in soil properties. Conversely, wetland increases 544.4%, primarily attributable elevated water table depth. Forest have no significant effect N 2 O emissions, while reduces 68.6%. Wetland enhances net CO uptake, transition sources sinks takes approximately years following restoration. The ecosystem exchange restored forests decreases with age, about 3-5 afforestation reforestation sites, 6-13 clear-cutting post-fire sites. Overall, forest, decrease global warming potentials 327.7%, 157.7% 62.0% compared their paired control ecosystems, respectively. suggest afforestation, reforestation, rewetting drained wetlands, restoring degraded grasslands through grazing exclusion, reducing intensity, or converting croplands can effectively mitigate emissions.

Language: Английский

---

Global pattern of organic carbon pools in forest soils

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Understanding the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in forests is vital to ecosystem budgeting and helps gain insight functioning sustainable management world forests. An explicit knowledge driving global SOC still lacking because complex interplays between climate, soil, forest type influencing pool size stability. Based on a synthesis 1179 observations from 292 studies across forests, we quantified relative importance property, total content specific contents physical (particulate vs. mineral-associated SOC) chemical (labile recalcitrant pools upper 10 cm mineral soils, as well stock O horizons. The variability soils was better explained by climate (47%-60%) factors (26%-50%) than NPP (10%-20%). particulate (POC) (ROC) all decreased with increasing mean annual temperature decomposition overrides C replenishment under warmer climate. (MAOC) influenced temperature, which directly affected microbial activity. Additionally, presence clay iron oxides physically protected forming MAOC. horizons larger temperate zone Mediterranean regions boreal sub/tropical zones. Mixed had 64% either broadleaf or coniferous (i) higher productivity (ii) litter input different tree species resulting diversification molecular composition community. While jointly determine formation stability SOC, predominantly controls patterns ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Potential synergy of microplastics and nitrogen enrichment on plant holobionts in wetland ecosystems

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 170160 - 170160

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Assessing carbon greenhouse gas emissions from aquaculture in China based on aquaculture system types, species, environmental conditions and management practices

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 108110 - 108110

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Land use and land cover changes in coastal and inland wetlands cause soil carbon and nitrogen loss

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(12), P. 2541 - 2563

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Abstract Aim Natural wetlands are widely considered important for mitigation of climate change, but they have been impacted by land use and cover change (LULCC), often resulting in ecosystem degradation significant changes soil carbon (C) nitrogen (N) dynamics. However, the impact various LULCC types on wetland C N dynamics remains unclear. Location Global. Time period 1982–2021. Major taxa studied Wetland. Methods We present a global meta‐analysis using database 487 sites compiled from literature, demonstrating response concentrations stocks coastal wetlands, riparian peatlands to LULCCs, including agricultural lands, drained aquaculture ponds, pastures constructed wetlands. Results The conversion most decreased mean 17.8 ± 10.3, 25.3 13.4 23.2 6.3%, respectively. loss owing is estimated cause potential CO 2 emission 1.8–22.8 Mg equivalent emission/ha/year, except contents were more sensitive relative stocks. also found that patterns variations closely related time since completion LULCC. After LULCC, variables was plant biomass, water conditions, bulk density, pH NH 4 + ‐N concentration, with major controlling factors varying age. Main conclusions Our results highlight role triggering natural which enhances greenhouse effect. As such, our study calls sustainable management strategies aiming at conservation as powerful tool mitigate warming.

Language: Английский

---

Conversion of coastal wetland to aquaculture ponds decreased N2O emission: Evidence from a multi-year field study

Water Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 119326 - 119326

Published: Nov. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes

Wetlands, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(8)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, dioxide and methane emissions, aquatic C fluxes. However, underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland pools fluxes are complex dynamic, making measurements challenging. Over decades research, many observational, experimental, analytical approaches been developed to understand quantify C. Sampling range in their representation from short long timeframes local landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common cutting-edge methodological for quantifying We first define each major provide rationale importance dynamics. For approach, we clarify what component is measured its temporal representativeness constraints. describe practical considerations such as where when an approach typically used, who can conduct (expertise, training requirements), how conducted, including equipment complexity costs. Finally, key covariates ancillary enhance interpretation findings facilitate model development. The protocols measure soil, water, vegetation, gases also relevant related disciplines ecology. Improved quality consistency data collection reporting across studies will help reduce uncertainties develop management strategies use wetlands nature-based climate solutions.

Language: Английский

---

Geomorphic and ecological constraints on the coastal carbon sink

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 393 - 406

Published: May 30, 2023

Language: Английский

---