Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 100180 - 100180

Published: Oct. 30, 2021

Language: Английский

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Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(2), P. 373 - 389

Published: Sept. 5, 2021

SUMMARY Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, flooding, negatively affecting crop yields causing food shortages. Climate is also altering composition behavior insect pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints agriculture caused by increasing amounts human‐generated pollutants, well negative impact on soil microbiomes. Although laboratory, we trained study individual stress conditions plants, field many pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect combination. Because expected combination events (e.g., waves combined with drought, other and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort needed how crops. This need particularly critical, studies have shown that response plants unique cannot be predicted from simply studying each stresses part Strategies enhance tolerance particular may therefore fail this specific stress, when factors. Here review recent combinations propose new approaches avenues for development combination‐ change‐resilient

Language: Английский

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Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article

Agriculture & Food Security, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Abstract Climate change is happening due to natural factors and human activities. It expressively alters biodiversity, agricultural production, food security. Mainly, narrowly adapted endemic species are under extinction. Accordingly, concerns over extinction warranted as it provides for all life forms primary health care more than 60–80% of humans globally. Nevertheless, the impact climate on biodiversity security has been recognized, little explored compared magnitude problem Therefore, objectives this review identify, appraise, synthesize link between change, Data, climatic models, emission, migration, scenarios, outputs from previous publications were used. Due distributions have shifted higher elevations at a median rate 11.0 m 16.9 km per decade latitudes. rates 1103 migration provide 21–23% with unlimited 38–52% no migration. When an environmental variation occurs timescale shorter plant any response could be in terms plastic phenotype. However, phenotypic plasticity buffer against long-term effects change. Furthermore, affects particularly communities locations that depend rain-fed agriculture. Crops plants thresholds beyond which growth yield compromised. yields Africa alone decline by 30% 2050. solving shortages through bringing extra land into agriculture exploiting new fish stocks costly solution, when protecting given priority. mitigating waste, compensating food-insecure people conserving effective use genetic resources, traditional ecological knowledge decrease further loss, meet scenarios. achieving such scenario requires strong policies, releasing high-yielding stress resistant varieties, developing resilient irrigation structures, degraded restoration, changes, bio-energy, sustainable forest management, community based conservation recommended mitigate impacts.

Language: Английский

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The global nitrogen-phosphorus imbalance

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6578), P. 266 - 267

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The imbalance has grave consequences for natural ecosystems and global food security.

Language: Английский

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The effect of global change on soil phosphatase activity

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(22), P. 5989 - 6003

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Soil phosphatase enzymes are produced by plant roots and microorganisms play a key role in the cycling of phosphorus (P), an often-limiting element terrestrial ecosystems. The production these soil is most important biological strategy for acquiring phosphate ions from organic molecules. Previous works showed how potential activity mainly driven climatic conditions nitrogen (N) carbon. Nonetheless, future trends under global change remain little known. We investigated influence some main drivers on using meta-analysis results 97 published studies. Our database included compilation N P fertilization experiments, manipulation experiments with increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, warming, drought, studies comparing invaded non-invaded indicate that leads to higher activity, whereas has opposite effect. rise levels or arrival invasive species also exhibits positive response ratios phosphatases. However, occurrence recurrent drought episodes decreases analysis did not reveal statistically significant effects warming activity. In general, enzymatic changes reviewed depended initial nutrient water status observed patterns evidence will only depend present-day but compensations amplifications among different change. responses phosphatases reported this study consideration cost-benefit approaches based connection cycle be useful better estimation carbon (C)-N-P models.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of nitrogen pollution on corals in the context of global climate change and potential strategies to conserve coral reefs

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 774, P. 145017 - 145017

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(11), P. 2845 - 2858

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

Abstract Increased human‐derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem‐level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro‐organisms adopt a series of P‐acquisition strategies to offset N loading‐induced P Many these impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by micro‐organisms; however, it remains unclear how affect C cycling. Herein, we review the literature effects limitation outline conceptual overview plant microbial may organic (SOC) stabilization decomposition ecosystems. Excessive input significantly enhances biomass production, acidification, produces litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate Long‐term cause alter their functional traits increase acquisition. Plants release carboxylate exudates phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate formation symbiotic associations mycorrhizal fungi stimulate abundance P‐mineralizing P‐solubilizing micro‐organisms. Releasing phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing (e.g. an fine length) contribute higher stabilization. relative abundances bacteria mining decay, decrease use efficiency subsequently lower sequestration. The trade‐offs between different under should be among future research priorities due cascading impacts storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for adaption increased is important because are effective when below threshold. Moreover, understanding response at levels native availability provide insight divergent across sites Altogether, explicitly considered Earth System Models generate more realistic predictions Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances and future research in ecological stoichiometry

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 125611 - 125611

Published: April 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Imbalance of global nutrient cycles exacerbated by the greater retention of phosphorus over nitrogen in lakes

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 464 - 468

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Challenges and solutions to biodiversity conservation in arid lands

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 857, P. 159695 - 159695

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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