Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(5)

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Recurrent mass bleaching events are pushing coral reefs worldwide to the brink of ecological collapse. While symptoms and consequences this breakdown coral-algal symbiosis have been extensively characterized, our understanding underlying causes remains incomplete. Here, we investigated nutrient fluxes physiological as well molecular responses widespread Stylophora pistillata heat stress prior onset identify processes involved in symbiosis. We show that altered cycling during is a primary driver functional Heat increased metabolic energy demand host, which was compensated by catabolic degradation amino acids. The resulting shift from net uptake release ammonium holobiont subsequently promoted growth algal symbionts retention photosynthates. Together, these form feedback loop will gradually lead decoupling carbon translocation symbiont host. Energy limitation symbiotic thus key factors early response, directly contributing Interpreting stability light its interactions provides missing link environmental drivers may ultimately help uncover fundamental underpinning functioning endosymbioses general.

Language: Английский

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Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 747 - 762

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(33)

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Probiotics mitigate post-heat stress disorder, preventing coral mortality.

Language: Английский

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Towards enhancing coral heat tolerance: a “microbiome transplantation” treatment using inoculations of homogenized coral tissues

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 6, 2021

Microbiome manipulation could enhance heat tolerance and help corals survive the pressures of ocean warming. We conducted coral microbiome transplantation (CMT) experiments using reef-building corals, Pocillopora Porites, investigated whether this technique can benefit resistance while modifying bacterial microbiome. Initially, heat-tolerant donors were identified in wild. then used fresh homogenates made from donor tissues to inoculate conspecific, heat-susceptible recipients documented their bleaching responses microbiomes by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding.Recipients both species bleached at lower rates compared control group when exposed short-term stress (34 °C). One hundred twelve (Pocillopora sp.) sixteen (Porites donor-specific indicating transmission bacteria. The amplicon sequence variants majority these transmitted bacteria belonged known, putatively symbiotic taxa linked observed beneficial effect on response. dynamics our support notion that community evenness dominance one or few species, rather than host-species identity, drivers for stability a holobiont context.Our results suggest likely favor uptake putative symbionts, recommending include taxonomic groups future probiotics screening efforts. Our study suggests scenario where symbionts might have been more efficient supporting resist native present group. These findings urgently call further experimental investigation mechanisms action underlying CMT field-based long-term studies testing persistence effect. Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15023 - e15023

Published: May 2, 2023

Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels organization. In dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians ( e.g ., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates e.g. , sponges, molluscs, flatworms), protists foraminifera), molecular data have been used extensively over past three decades describe phenotypes make ecological inferences. Despite advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, a lack consensus among researchers respect interpreting has slowed progress field acted as barrier reconciling observations. Here, we identify challenges regarding assessment interpretation across levels: species, populations, communities. We summarize areas agreement highlight techniques approaches that are broadly accepted. where debate remains, unresolved issues discuss technologies help fill knowledge gaps related phenotypic diversity. also ways stimulate progress, particular by fostering inclusive collaborative research community. hope this perspective will inspire accelerate coral reef science serving resource those designing experiments, publishing research, applying for funding their symbiotic partnerships.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics reshape the coral microbiome in situ without detectable off-target effects in the surrounding environment

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 9, 2024

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs), or probiotics, can enhance coral resilience against stressors in laboratory trials. However, the ability of probiotics to restructure microbiome situ is yet be determined. As a first step elucidate this, we inoculated putative probiotic bacteria (pBMCs) on healthy colonies Pocillopora verrucosa Red Sea, three times per week, during 3 months. pBMCs significantly influenced microbiome, while surrounding seawater and sediment remained unchanged. The genera Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillus were enriched probiotic-treated corals. Furthermore, treatment also correlated with an increase other beneficial groups (e.g., Ruegeria Limosilactobacillus), decrease potential pathogens, such as Vibrio. all (treated non-treated) throughout experiment, could not track health improvements protection stress. Our data indicate that healthy, therefore stable, microbiomes restructured situ, although repeated continuous inoculations may required these cases. Further, our study provides supporting evidence that, at studied scale, have no detectable off-target effects near

Language: Английский

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Microbial-Based Therapies to Restore and Rehabilitate Disrupted Coral Health

Coral reefs of the world, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 181 - 195

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: Nov. 22, 2020

Abstract Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating diverse body of work on critical understanding and combating this problem. Yet investigating drivers, patterns, processes poses a major challenge. A recent review published experiments revealed wide range experimental variables used across studies. Such approaches enhances discovery, but without full transparency in analytical methods used, can also make comparisons among studies challenging. To increase comparability not stifle innovation, we propose common framework for that includes consideration provenance, conditions, husbandry. For example, reporting number genets collection site temperature offset(s) from maximum monthly mean (MMM) site, light flow, feeding regime will greatly facilitate Similarly, quantifying response endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) holobiont phenotypes (i.e., color, chlorophyll, cell density, mortality, skeletal growth) could further cross‐study comparisons. While no experiment provide data necessary determine responses all corals current future ocean warming, linking through as outlined here, would help experiments, synthetic insights into causes underlying mechanisms bleaching, reveal unique genets, species, regions. collaborative fosters strengthen inform reef management conservation strategies mitigate

Language: Английский

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Contrasting heat stress response patterns of coral holobionts across the Red Sea suggest distinct mechanisms of thermal tolerance

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(18), P. 4466 - 4480

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

Corals from the northern Red Sea, in particular Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), have exceptionally high bleaching thresholds approaching >5℃ above their maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperatures. These elevated are thought to be due historical selection, as corals passed through warmer Southern Sea during recolonization Arabian Sea. To test this hypothesis, we determined thermal tolerance GoA versus central (CRS) Stylophora pistillata using multi-temperature acute stress assays determine thresholds. Relative and CRS were indeed similar (~7℃ MMM). However, absolute on average 3℃ those corals. explore molecular underpinnings, gene expression microbiome response coral holobiont. Transcriptomic responses differed markedly, with a strong symbiotic algae remarkably muted colonies. Concomitant this, algal genes showed temperature-induced corals, while exhibiting fixed (front-loading) Bacterial community composition changed dramatically under heat stress, whereas displayed stable assemblages. We interpret that resilient population tipping point contrast pattern consistently resistance cannot further attune. Such differences suggest distinct mechanisms may affect populations ocean warming.

Language: Английский

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