The global loss of floristic uniqueness

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans altered biogeography introducing to new ranges. However, an analysis how strongly naturalized plant (i.e. alien plants that established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic phylogenetic uniqueness regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such with data from native in 658 regions around world. We find strong floristic homogenization overall, natural decline similarity increasing geographic distance weakened species. Floristic increases climatic similarity, which emphasizes importance climate matching naturalization. Moreover, greater between current or past administrative relationships, indicating being part same country as well historical colonial ties facilitate exchange, most likely due more intensive trade transport regions. Our findings show naturalization threatens globally. Unless effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it ongoing globalization, even distant will lose their uniqueness.

Language: Английский

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Economic costs of invasive bivalves in freshwater ecosystems

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 1010 - 1021

Published: March 8, 2022

Abstract Aim To assess spatio‐temporal and taxonomic patterns of available information on the costs invasive freshwater bivalves, as well to identify knowledge gaps. Location Global. Time period 1980–2020. Taxon studied Bivalvia. Methods We synthesize published global economic impacts from bivalves using InvaCost database associated R package, explicitly considering reliability estimation methodologies, cost types, sectors impacted regions. Results Cumulative total macrofouling were $ 63.7 billion (2017 US$) across all regions socio‐economic between 1980 2020. Costs heavily biased taxonomically spatially, dominated by two families, Dreissenidae Cyrenidae (Corbiculidae), largely reported in North America. The greatest share ($ 31.5 billion) did not make distinction damage management. However, those that did, damages resource losses one order magnitude higher 30.5 than control or preventative measures 1.7 billion). Moreover, although many lacked specification, largest shares incurred authorities stakeholders 27.7 billion, e.g., public private sector interventions) through social welfare 10.1 via power/drinking water plant irrigation system damage) Average estimates over entire amounted approximately 1.6 per year, most which was Main conclusions Our results highlight burgeoning threat caused offering a strong incentive invest management such biosecurity rapid response eradications. Even if are severely understated because lacking for invaded countries bivalve species, these substantial likely growing.

Language: Английский

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The economic costs of biological invasions in Central and South America: a first regional assessment

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 401 - 426

Published: July 29, 2021

Invasive alien species are responsible for a high economic impact on many sectors worldwide. Nevertheless, there is scarcity of studies assessing these impacts in Central and South America. Investigating costs invasions important to motivate guide policy responses by increasing stakeholders’ awareness identifying action priorities. Here, we used the InvaCost database investigate (i) geographical pattern biological invasion across region; (ii) monetary expenditure taxa impacted sectors; (iii) more than 50% (hyper-costly taxa) per sector type costs. The total reliable observed reported America was USD 102.5 billion between 1975 2020, but about 90% were only three countries (Brazil, Argentina Colombia). Costs associated with regions (i.e., America, Islands) area km 2 . Most expenses damage (97.8%), whereas multiple (77.4%), agriculture (15%) public social welfare (4.2%) most sectors. Aedes spp. hyper-costly taxon terrestrial environment (costs 25 billion) water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) aquatic (USD 179.9 million). Six classified as at least one two cost. In conclusion, invasive caused billions dollars burden mainly large unevenly distributed countries, sectors, types taxa). These results suggest that should drive efforts manage draining financial sources.

Language: Английский

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Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (3rd edition)

Preslia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(4), P. 447 - 577

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

We present the third edition of complete catalogue alien flora Czech Republic which follows 2002 and 2012 editions. It has been updated by incorporating new data collected over last decade reassessing current status taxa based on improved taxonomic ecological knowledge. All changes in taxon listing from version are documented explained an appendix. Based comprehensive sources, including recently developed Pladias database vegetation Archaeobotanical Database Republic, we list 1576 to this country, with information their position, life form, geographic origin, residence time (archaeophyte or neophyte), invasion (casual, naturalized invasive), date first field record, grid-cell occupancy, pathway introduction into habitat affiliation impact assessment. This includes 122 more than edition; 157 were added 35 removed; 17 reclassified as native, eight removed due lack evidence, records six assessed doubtful, four not taxonomically justified. The is recruited 630 genera families comprises 385 archaeophytes 1191 neophytes; most casual (1084, i.e. 68.8% total number), 417 (26.4%), 75 invasive (4.8%). proportion almost equal for neophytes (4.7 4.8%, respectively), over-represented among neophytes, archaeophytes. contribution 37.8% if all aliens considered 16.2% (including invasives), a permanent part flora, included. For groups status, numbers increasing no sign deceleration. Most plants originate Mediterranean region (618 taxa, 31.5%), other parts Europe (380 19.4%), Asia (290 14.1%) North America (262, 13.4%). highest number (27, corresponding 27.6% neophytes) America. Occupancy grid cells 10 × 6 arc minutes significantly increases time. Invasive casual, occupy average each category. Maps cumulative record species occurrence past 50 years, expressed entire show that relatively prevalent lowlands large urban agglomerations. In European comparison, currently moderately invaded but slightly richer average.

Language: Английский

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Invasion impacts and dynamics of a European‐wide introduced species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(15), P. 4620 - 4632

Published: May 15, 2022

Globalization has led to the introduction of thousands alien species worldwide. With growing impacts by invasive species, understanding invasion process remains critical for predicting adverse effects and informing efficient management. Theoretically, dynamics have been assumed follow an "invasion curve" (S-shaped curve available area invaded over time), but this dynamic lacked empirical testing using large-scale data neglects consider invader abundances. We propose "impact describing generated time based on cumulative To test curve's applicability, we used data-rich New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, one most damaging freshwater invaders that almost all Europe. Using long-term (1979-2020) abundance environmental collected across 306 European sites, observed P. antipodarum generally increased through time, with slower population growth at higher latitudes lower runoff depth. Fifty-nine percent these populations followed impact curve, characterized first occurrence, exponential growth, then saturation. This behaviour is consistent boom-bust dynamics, as saturation occurs due a rapid decline in time. Across estimated peaked approximately two decades after detection, rate progression along was influenced local abiotic conditions. The S-shaped may be common among many undergo complex dynamics. provides potentially unifying approach advance could inform timely management actions mitigate ecosystems economies.

Language: Английский

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