Global maps of soil temperature

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3110 - 3144

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide maps soil bioclimatic variables a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 5-15 cm depth. were created by calculating difference (i.e. offset) between situ measurements, based time series over 1200 pixels (summarized 8519 unique sensors) across all world's major biomes, coarse-grained ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual differs markedly corresponding gridded temperature, up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation biomes seasons. Over year, soils cold and/or dry are substantially warmer (+3.6 2.3°C) than whereas warm humid environments average slightly cooler (-0.7 2.3°C). The observed biome-specific offsets emphasize projected impacts climate near-surface biodiversity functioning inaccurately assessed when rather is used, especially environments. soil-related provided here an important step forward any application related disciplines. Nevertheless, highlight need fill remaining geographic gaps collecting more measurements microclimate further enhance spatiotemporal products ecological applications.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the multiple land degradation pathways across the planet

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 103689 - 103689

Published: May 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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ForestTemp – Sub‐canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(23), P. 6307 - 6319

Published: Oct. 3, 2021

Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological ecological processes. To improve assessment of climatic climate-change-related impacts forest-floor biodiversity functioning, high-resolution grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series situ near-surface with topographical, variables machine learning model, we predicted mean monthly offset between 15 cm above surface free-air over period 2000-2020 spatial resolution 25 across Europe. This was used to evaluate difference microclimate macroclimate space seasons finally enabled us calculate annual temperatures for European understories. We found air temperatures, being average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower summer 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) winter Additionally, our maps expose considerable variation within landscapes, not gridded products. The provided will enable future model below-canopy processes patterns, well species distributions accurately.

Language: Английский

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Influences of wildfire on the forest ecosystem and climate change: A comprehensive study

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 117537 - 117537

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 351, P. 119978 - 119978

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Allelopathy and Allelochemicals in Grasslands and Forests

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 562 - 562

Published: March 13, 2023

Plants can produce and release allelochemicals to interfere with the establishment growth of conspecific interspecific plants. Such allelopathy is an important mediator among plant species in natural managed ecosystems. This review focuses on grasslands forests. Allelopathy drives invasion, exacerbates grassland degradation contributes forest regeneration. Furthermore, autotoxicity (intraspecific allelopathy) frequently occurs pastures tree plantations. Various specialized metabolites, including phenolics, terpenoids nitrogen-containing compounds from herbaceous woody are responsible for Terpenoids a diversity metabolites qualitative occurring annual grasslands, while phenolics few quantitative perennial Importantly, mediate below-ground ecological interactions plant–soil feedback, subsequently affecting biodiversity, productivity sustainability Interestingly, allelopathic plants discriminate identity neighbors via signaling chemicals, adjusting production allelochemicals. Therefore, chemicals synergistically interact regulate intraspecific forests have provided fascinating insights into plant–plant their consequences sustainability, contributing our understanding terrestrial ecosystems global changes.

Language: Английский

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Microclimate and forest density drive plant population dynamics under climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 840 - 847

Published: July 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Tree mortality during long-term droughts is lower in structurally complex forest stands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Abstract Increasing drought frequency and severity in a warming climate threaten forest ecosystems with widespread tree deaths. Canopy structure is important regulating mortality during drought, but how it functions remains controversial. Here, we show that the interplay between size explains drought-induced 2012-2016 California drought. Through an analysis of over one million trees, find rate follows “negative-positive-negative” piecewise relationship height, maintains consistent negative neighborhood canopy (a measure competition). Trees overshadowed by tall neighboring trees experienced lower mortality, likely due to reduced exposure solar radiation load water demand from evapotranspiration. Our findings demonstrate significance influencing suggest re-establishing heterogeneity could improve resiliency. study also indicates potential advances remote-sensing technologies for silvicultural design, supporting transition multi-benefit management.

Language: Английский

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Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(6)

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why they important? Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. is increasingly used to understand mitigate climate biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status microclimate ecology biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, where this field heading next. investigations We highlight latest research on interactions between organisms, including how influence individuals, through them populations, communities entire ecosystems their processes. also briefly discuss recent organisms shape from tropics poles. applications ecosystem management Microclimates important under change. showcase new with examples conservation, forestry urban ecology. importance microrefugia conservation promote heterogeneity. Methods for advances data acquisition, such as novel sensors remote sensing methods. modelling, mapping processing, accessibility modelling tools, advantages mechanistic statistical solutions computational challenges that have pushed state‐of‐the‐art field. What's next? identify major knowledge gaps need be filled further advancing investigations, These include spatiotemporal scaling data, mismatches macroclimate predicting responses change, more evidence outcomes management.

Language: Английский

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Interconnecting global threats: climate change, biodiversity loss, and infectious diseases

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. e270 - e283

Published: April 1, 2024

The concurrent pressures of rising global temperatures, rates and incidence species decline, emergence infectious diseases represent an unprecedented planetary crisis. Intergovernmental reports have drawn focus to the escalating climate biodiversity crises connections between them, but interactions among all three been largely overlooked. Non-linearities dampening reinforcing make considering interconnections essential anticipating challenges. In this Review, we define exemplify causal pathways that link change, loss, disease. A literature assessment case studies show mechanisms certain pairs are better understood than others full triad is rarely considered. Although challenges evaluating these interactions—including a mismatch in scales, data availability, methods—are substantial, current approaches would benefit from expanding scientific cultures embrace interdisciplinarity integrating animal, human, environmental perspectives. Considering suite be transformative for health by identifying potential co-benefits mutually beneficial scenarios, highlighting where narrow on solutions one pressure might aggravate another.

Language: Английский

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