Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
231, P. 116227 - 116227
Published: May 25, 2023
Microplastics
(MP)
and
nanoplastics
(NP)
contamination
of
the
terrestrial
environment
is
a
growing
concern
worldwide
thought
to
impact
soil
biota,
particularly
micro
mesofauna
community,
by
various
processes
that
may
contribute
global
change
in
systems.
Soils
act
as
long-term
sink
for
MP,
accumulating
these
contaminants
increasing
their
adverse
impacts
on
ecosystems.
Consequently,
whole
ecosystem
impacted
microplastic
pollution,
which
also
threatens
human
health
potential
transfer
food
web.
In
general,
ingestion
MP
different
concentrations
can
adversely
affect
development
reproduction,
impacting
moves
horizontally
vertically
because
movement
organisms
disturbance
caused
plants.
However,
effects
micro-and
are
largely
overlooked.
Here,
we
give
most
recent
information
forgotten
microfauna
communities
(protists,
tardigrades,
rotifers,
nematodes,
collembola
mites).
More
than
50
studies
focused
between
1990
2022
have
been
reviewed.
plastic
pollution
does
not
directly
survival
organisms,
except
under
co-contaminated
plastics
increase
(e.g.
tire-tread
particles
springtails).
Besides,
they
at
oxidative
stress
reduced
reproduction
potworms,
springtails
or
It
was
observed
could
passive
transporters,
shown
mites.
Finally,
this
review
discusses
how
micro-
play
key
role
facilitating
(bio-)degradation
NP
through
systems
and,
therefore,
depths.
research
should
be
mixtures,
community
level
experiments.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
163, P. 107190 - 107190
Published: March 19, 2022
Microplastics
are
small
plastic
fragments
that
widely
distributed
in
marine
and
terrestrial
environments.
While
the
soil
ecosystem
represents
a
large
reservoir
for
plastic,
research
so
far
has
focused
mainly
on
impact
aquatic
ecosystems
there
is
lack
of
information
potentially
adverse
effects
microplastics
biota.
Earthworms
key
organisms
due
to
their
crucial
role
quality
fertility
suitable
popular
model
organism
ecotoxicology.
Therefore,
aim
this
study
was
gain
insight
into
environmentally
relevant
concentrations
earthworm
Eisenia
andrei
multiple
levels
biological
organization
after
different
exposure
periods.
were
exposed
two
types
microplastics:
(1)
polystyrene-HBCD
(2)
car
tire
abrasion
natural
2,
7,
14
28
d.
Acute
chronic
toxicity
all
subcellular
investigations
conducted
times,
avoidance
behavior
assessed
48
h
reproduction
Subcellular
endpoints
included
enzymatic
biomarker
responses,
namely,
carboxylesterase,
glutathione
peroxidase,
acetylcholinesterase,
reductase,
S-transferase
catalase
activities,
as
well
fluorescence-based
measurements
oxidative
stress-related
markers
multixenobiotic
resistance
activity.
Multiple
biomarkers
showed
significant
changes
activity,
but
recovery
most
activities
could
be
observed
Overall,
only
minor
level,
showing
scenario
with
based
German
pollution
threat
biota
minimal.
However,
areas
higher
environment,
these
results
can
interpreted
an
early
warning
signal
more
effects.
In
conclusion,
findings
provide
new
insights
regarding
ecotoxicological
organisms.
Plant Cell & Environment,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
45(4), P. 1011 - 1028
Published: Jan. 20, 2022
Abstract
Some
recent
studies
have
reviewed
the
occurrence
and
phytotoxicity
of
micro/nanoplastics,
but
their
distribution
in
soil
environment,
mechanisms
uptake
by
roots
mode
action
are
unclear.
Thus,
this
review
comprehensively
represents
relative
abundance
micro/nanoplastics
different
types
toxicities
plants
with
insights
into
partitioning
to
matrices,
mechanisms,
action.
Partitioning
matrices
(like—soil
particles,
naturally
occurring
organic
matters,
pore
waters
fauna)
could
modify
bioavailability
plants.
The
small
micro/nanoplastic
particles
can
be
taken
up
through
apoplastic
symplastic
pathways.
In
regard,
cellular
endocytosis
aquaporin
might
play
a
significant
role.
shape
polymers
also
regulate
uptake,
spherical
shapes
more
easily
absorbed
than
other
shapes.
Bioaccumulation
induces
oxidative
stress,
which,
turn,
causes
alterations
gene
expressions
metabolic
pathways
responsible
for
plant
growth,
biomass
production
synthesis
secondary
metabolites.
