The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(45)

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change dominant worldwide. Direct exploitation natural resources ranks second pollution third; climate invasive alien species have significantly less than top two drivers. The oceans, where dominate, different hierarchy from land fresh water. It also varies among types indicators. For example, is more community composition changes populations. Stopping global requires actions tackle all major their interactions, not some them isolation.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6642)

Published: April 20, 2023

Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social economic inequalities, habitat loss, many which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, society develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C effectively conserving restoring functional ecosystems on 30 50% land, freshwater, ocean "scapes." We envision mosaic interconnected protected shared spaces, including intensively used strengthen self-sustaining the capacity people nature adapt mitigate change, nature's contributions people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, planetary health for livable future urgently requires bold implementation transformative policy interventions through institutions, governance, systems from local global levels.

Language: Английский

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Interconnecting global threats: climate change, biodiversity loss, and infectious diseases

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. e270 - e283

Published: April 1, 2024

The concurrent pressures of rising global temperatures, rates and incidence species decline, emergence infectious diseases represent an unprecedented planetary crisis. Intergovernmental reports have drawn focus to the escalating climate biodiversity crises connections between them, but interactions among all three been largely overlooked. Non-linearities dampening reinforcing make considering interconnections essential anticipating challenges. In this Review, we define exemplify causal pathways that link change, loss, disease. A literature assessment case studies show mechanisms certain pairs are better understood than others full triad is rarely considered. Although challenges evaluating these interactions—including a mismatch in scales, data availability, methods—are substantial, current approaches would benefit from expanding scientific cultures embrace interdisciplinarity integrating animal, human, environmental perspectives. Considering suite be transformative for health by identifying potential co-benefits mutually beneficial scenarios, highlighting where narrow on solutions one pressure might aggravate another.

Language: Английский

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On the risks associated with transitioning to climate neutrality in Europe: A city perspective

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 113448 - 113448

Published: June 20, 2023

Extensive scientific literature exists on the risks associated with climate change in cities. Contrarily, analysis local governments face moving towards zero emissions targets is sparse, topical, and local. In this study, we provide a first-of-its-kind synoptic risk directly based cities' experiences, inputs, prospects for future, collated through questionnaire to express interest European Mission 100 Climate-Neutral Smart Cities by 2030. This novel dataset contains variety of information 362 cities provided relation all critical (technological non-technological) elements that contribute mitigation, while enucleating may arise along way. The focuses nine domains (including political, financial, regulatory, operational, organisational, collaborative, social, environmental, safety/security risks) delves into possible solutions. These insights will be extremely useful timely i) design precautions safeguards, ii) motivate new policies instruments, iii) inform assistance services forms support, iv) inspire other creation an enabling inclusive environment zero-emission futures. Furthermore, reveals substantial lack supportive when it comes non-technological aspects transition neutrality.

Language: Английский

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Pathways to a healthy net-zero future: report of the Lancet Pathfinder Commission

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 403(10421), P. 67 - 110

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: How did we get here, and where do we go next?

Integrative Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Abstract December 2022 finally saw the historic agreement of Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM‐GBF), a landmark framework that sets to halt and reverse global biodiversity loss by remedying multifaceted drivers behind declines around planet. The KM‐GBF follows on from Aichi targets, which aimed prevent further through concerted effort between 2010 2020, but were not successfully achieved. builds losses rather than their outcomes suite targeted measurable actions reconcile losses. Developing faced considerable challenges, especially in face coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, issues often resolved at very last moment. Consequently, compromises had be made, useful elements left out, or removed achieve consensus, some will need reflected other ways, incorporated into indicators. final agreed includes 4 goals 23 targets addition package annexes including monitoring set benchmark progress. Particularly challenging included flagship target ‘30 × 30’ protecting 30% land, freshwater, coastal, high‐sea representative way 2030, require both new mechanisms funding streams enact effectively. Digital sequence information also presented major hurdles KM‐GBF. Ultimately, success GBF depends implementation mainstreaming. New can only achieved inclusion all sectors, clear communication, effective guide change provide means implement it. Furthermore, while common differentiated responsibility is crucial implementation, impacts inaction are disproportionate developing economies, more resources support needed enable them develop sustainably meet targets. This highlights urgent for action if we secure future life earth.

Language: Английский

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Expanding carbon removal to the Global South: Thematic concerns on systems, justice, and climate governance

Energy and Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100103 - 100103

Published: April 7, 2023

Conversations on how to assess, innovate, and develop policies for carbon removal are now largely confined the Global North – reflecting a concentration of academic interest (and concern), innovation capacity, early funding initiatives, policy path-dependence in climate, energy, land-use. However, future population growth, emissions trajectories, even concentrations economic technological power) shifting South. Here, after explaining positionality author, this paper summarizes perspectives concerns 90 key academics, technologists, entrepreneurs expanding assessment, innovation, beyond foci within (northern) Europe, US, Japan, Australia. It explores about systems (coupling infrastructure deployment), justice (equity inclusion), governance (including pledges, funding, offsets) markedly differ across South dynamics. discusses such issues intersect with each other, concludes insights research policy.

Language: Английский

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Sea otter recovery buffers century-scale declines in California kelp forests

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e0000290 - e0000290

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

The status of kelp forests and their vulnerability to climate change are global significance. As the foundation for productive extensive ecosystems, understanding long-term forest trends is critical coastal ecosystem management, resiliency, restoration programs. In this study, we curate historical US government canopy inventories, develop methods compare them with contemporary surveys, use a machine learning framework evaluate rank drivers California over last century. Historical surveys documented Macrocystis Nereocystis covered approximately 120.4 km 2 in 1910–1912, which only slightly above 2014–2016 (112.0 ). These statewide comparisons, however, mask dramatic regional changes increases Central (+57.6%, +19.7 ) losses along Northern (-63.0%, -8.1 ), Southern (-52.1%, -18.3 mainland coastlines. Random Forest models sea otter ( Enhydra lutris nereis population density as primary driver changes, benthic substrate, extreme heat, high annual variation productivity also significant. This century-scale perspective identifies dramatically different outcomes California’s forests, providing blueprint nature-based solutions that enhance resilience change.

Language: Английский

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Wilder rangelands as a natural climate opportunity: Linking climate action to biodiversity conservation and social transformation

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 678 - 696

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Rangelands face threats from climate and land-use change, including inappropriate change mitigation initiatives such as tree planting in grassy ecosystems. The marginalization impoverishment of rangeland communities their indigenous knowledge systems, the loss biodiversity ecosystem services, are additional major challenges. To address these issues, we propose wilder rangelands integrated framework, co-developed by South African European scientists diverse disciplines, an opportunity to climate, livelihood, challenges world's rangelands. More specifically, present a Theory Change guide design, monitoring, evaluation Through this, aim promote restoration, where local collaborate with regional international actors co-create new use models that simultaneously mitigate impacts restore biodiversity, improve both functioning livelihoods.

Language: Английский

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Is tree planting an effective strategy for climate change mitigation?

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 909, P. 168479 - 168479

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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