Water availability and plant–herbivore interactions

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(9), P. 2811 - 2828

Published: Dec. 4, 2022

Water is essential to plant growth and drives evolution interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How influences plant-herbivore in the future an important question basic applied ecology. Here we summarize synthesize recent discoveries on impact of antiherbivore defense ecology underlying physiological processes. deficit tends enhance resistance escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects strategies, including indirect tolerance. exceptions sometimes observed specific species pairs. We discuss effect associated plants herbivores from individual community levels how drive evolution. Although stress many abiotic stresses predicted increase intensity frequency due change, identify a significant lack study interactive additional stressors water-plant-herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps informs possible research directions

Language: Английский

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Bark beetle impacts on forest evapotranspiration and its partitioning

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 880, P. 163260 - 163260

Published: April 6, 2023

Insect outbreaks affect forest structure and function represent a major category of disturbance globally. However, the resulting impacts on evapotranspiration (ET), especially hydrological partitioning between abiotic (evaporation) biotic (transpiration) components total ET, are not well constrained. As result, we combined remote sensing, eddy covariance, modeling approaches to determine effects bark beetle outbreak ET its at multiple scales throughout Southern Rocky Mountain Ecoregion (SRME), USA. At covariance measurement scale, 85 % was affected by beetles, water year as fraction precipitation (P) decreased 30 relative control site, with 31 greater reductions in growing season transpiration ET. ecoregion satellite sensing masked areas >80 tree mortality showed corresponding ET/P 9-15 that occurred 6-8 years post-disturbance, indicated majority reduction during season; Variable Infiltration Capacity model an associated 9-18 increase runoff ratio. Long-term (16-18 year) vegetation datasets extend length previously published analyses allowed for clear characterization recovery period. During time, outpaced recovery, which lagged part due persistently reduced winter sublimation, there evidence increasing late summer moisture stress. Overall, comparison three independent methods two demonstrated net negative impact beetles relatively transpiration, following SRME.

Language: Английский

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A framework for identifying propagation from meteorological to ecological drought events

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 625, P. 130142 - 130142

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Estimating Drought-Induced Crop Yield Losses at the Cadastral Area Level in the Czech Republic

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1669 - 1669

Published: June 21, 2023

In the Czech Republic, soil moisture content during growing season has been decreasing over past six decades, and drought events have become significantly more frequent. 2003, 2015, 2018 2019, affected almost entire country, with droughts in 2000, 2004, 2007, 2012, 2014 2017 having smaller extents but still severe intensities some regions. The current methods of visiting cadastral areas (approximately 13,000) to allocate compensation funds for crop yield losses caused by or aggregating district 1000 km2) based on proxy data are both inappropriate. former due required time resources, later low resolution, which leads many falsely negative positive results. Therefore, study presents a new method combine ground survey, remotely sensed model determining losses. shows that it is possible estimate them at area level Republic attribute those drought. This can be done vegetation, water stress conditions modeled anomalies coupled near-real-time feedback from reporters status surveys. newly developed approach allowed achievement proportion errors less than 10% (e.g., oat 2%, 8%; spring barley 4%, 3%; sugar beets 21%; winter wheat 6% years 2017, resp. 2018) cutting loss assessment eight months weeks 2018.

Language: Английский

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ClimaMeter: contextualizing extreme weather in a changing climate

Weather and Climate Dynamics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 959 - 983

Published: July 24, 2024

Abstract. Climate change is a global challenge with multiple far-reaching consequences, including the intensification and increased frequency of many extreme-weather events. In response to this pressing issue, we present ClimaMeter, platform designed assess contextualize events relative climate change. The offers near-real-time insights into dynamics extreme events, serving as resource for researchers policymakers while also being science dissemination tool general public. ClimaMeter currently analyses heatwaves, cold spells, heavy precipitation, windstorms. This paper elucidates methodology, data sources, analytical techniques on which relies, providing comprehensive overview its scientific foundation. We further two case studies: late 2023 French heatwave July Storm Poly. use distinct datasets each study, namely Multi-Source Weather (MSWX) data, serve reference our rapid-attribution protocol, ERA5 dataset, widely regarded leading reanalysis. These examples highlight both strengths limitations in expounding link between

Language: Английский

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