Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The Innovation Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 100015 - 100015

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

<p>The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's caused by increases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases atmosphere, primarily emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over next two three decades, effects change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, floods, are expected worsen, posing greater risks human health global stability. These trends call for implementation mitigation adaptation strategies. Pollution environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems make people nature more susceptible In this review, we examine current state from different perspectives. We summarize evidence Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways drivers analyze impact health. also explore strategies highlight key challenges reversing adapting change.</p>

Language: Английский

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Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 14, 2023

Abstract The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU targets. analysed impacts on national policy objectives forest ecosystem services biodiversity through empirical simulation multi-objective optimization methods. show that key timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) cannot fulfil linked ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials increase only exists in studied region Norway. However, focusing conflicts with several policies causes adverse effects multiple biodiversity. argue role timber resources achieving societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight other challenged by conflicting supports policymakers.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Resilience of Boreal Forests Through Management Under Global Change: a Review

Current Landscape Ecology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 103 - 118

Published: April 19, 2023

Abstract Purpose of Review Boreal forests provide a wide range ecosystem services that are important to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates warming on planet and increasing demand for forest products. Here, we review how changes in climate its associated extreme events (e.g., windstorms) putting at risk capacity these continue providing services. We further analyze role management increase resilience combined effects change events. Recent Findings Enhancing recently gained lot interest from theoretical perspective. Yet, it remains unclear translate knowledge into practice operationalize maintain functions under changing global conditions. identify summarize main approaches (natural disturbance emulation, landscape functional zoning, complex network, climate-smart forestry) can promote resilience. Summary concept sciences, may put risk, alleviate or such risks. found increased temperatures having negative impacts forests. Then, discuss could enhance multifunctionality (simultaneous provision high levels multiple species habitats). Finally, complementary strengths individual report challenges implement them practice.

Language: Английский

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Amount of carbon fixed, transit time and fate of harvested wood products define the climate change mitigation potential of boreal forest management—A model analysis

Ecological Modelling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 491, P. 110694 - 110694

Published: March 26, 2024

Boreal forests are often managed to maximize wood production, but other goals, among which climate change mitigation, increasingly important. Hence, it is necessary examine synergies and trade-offs between forest production its potential for carbon sequestration mitigation in stands. To this aim, we develop a novel mass-balanced process-based compartmental model that allows following the path from photosynthetic fixation until return atmosphere by autotrophic or heterotrophic respiration, being burnt as product. Following system account how long ecosystems products retain away (i.e., transit time). As example, apply four management scenarios, i.e., mixed-aged pine, even-aged spruce, mixed forest, contrast metrics of performance relative sequestration, potential. While at end an 80 yr rotation held up 31% more than was superior during almost entire when factoring retention time atmosphere, terms Importantly, scenarios amount stored not necessarily most beneficial atmosphere. These results underline importance considering evaluating options mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Wildfire impacts on the carbon budget of a managed Nordic boreal forest

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 351, P. 110016 - 110016

Published: April 22, 2024

Wildfire is one of the most important disturbances affecting boreal forests. Most previous research on forest fires has occurred in North American forests which have different fire regimes, tree species and are less intensively managed than their Eurasian counterparts. Recent extreme years highlighted vulnerability Nordic to climatic shifts that increasing frequency severity. The Ljusdal (2018) was largest wildfires recorded history Sweden. We established eddy covariance flux towers track impacts this carbon balance two Pinus sylvestris sites subject severities management strategies 1–4 post-fire. 'SLM' site a mature stand experienced low-severity (trees survived) followed by salvage-logging reseeding, whilst 'HY' 10 old when it high-severity (all trees killed) then replanted with seedlings. During study period, both were net sources at annual scale. It took up 4 after until first day CO2 uptake each site. estimated will take 13 (8, 21; mean ± 95 % confidence intervals) reach neutral balance. 32 (19, 53) HY 46 (31, 70) SLM offset lost during salvage-logging. In addition, our measurements showed more emitted compared from combustion fire. Quantifying fluxes initial therefore crucial for estimating impact wildfire budget

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem service multifunctionality of mixed conifer-broad-leaved forests under climate change and forest management based on matrix growth modelling

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100231 - 100231

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Climate change and forest management are recognized as pivotal factors influencing ecosystem services thus multifunctionality. However, the magnitude relative importance of climate effects on multifunctionality remain unclear, especially for natural mixed forests. In this study, our objective is to address gap by utilizing simulations climate-sensitive transition matrix growth models based national inventory plot data. We evaluated seven scenarios (combinations various cutting methods intensities) future provision in conifer-broad-leaved forests northeastern China, under four (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5, constant climate). Provisioning, regulating, cultural, supporting were described timber production, carbon storage, sequestration, tree species diversity, deadwood volume, number large living trees. Our findings indicated that production was significantly influenced scenarios, while trees impacted both separately. Carbon storage sequestration notably interaction management. These emphasized profound impact services, outweighing alone. found no single scenario maximized all six service indicators. The upper story thinning 5% intensity with 5-year interval (UST5) strategy emerged highest multifunctionality, surpassing lowest values more than 20% across scenarios. conclusion, results underlined potential a decision support tool provided recommendations long-term strategies multifunctional context. Ecosystem could be enhanced implementing appropriate measures amidst changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Assmann review: spatial ecology of rotational and continuous cover forestry in boreal landscapes

European Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Urban gradient resolution matters! Avian diversity patterns in a boreal green city

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Understanding Europe's Forest Harvesting Regimes

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract European forests are being shaped by active human use and management, harvesting of wood in particular. Yet, our understanding how harvested across Europe is limited, as the real harvest regimes not well described currently available data. Here, we analyse recent harvests, observed permanent plots forest inventories 11 countries, totaling to 182,649 covering all major types. We (a) characterize through frequency intensity events spatially Europe, (b) build models for probability at plot‐level examine links potential drivers harvest, including pre‐harvest structure composition, climatic, topographic socio‐economic factors, past natural disturbances. The results revealed notable variation ranging from high‐frequency low‐intensity harvests eastern Central low‐frequency high‐intensity north, with different strategies emerging regions similar total rates. were strongly driven country‐level variation, emphasizing role national‐level factors. Pre‐harvest properties important whereas was more related factors presented quantification provides much needed detail contemporary management practices providing a baseline against which assess future changes strengthening knowledge‐base decision‐making on level.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Drivers of Ecosystem Service Changes from a Spatio-Temporal Perspective in Vulnerable Nanling Mountainous Areas in SE China

Land, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 417 - 417

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Mountains support many kinds of ecosystem services (ESs) for human beings, emphasizing the need to understand characteristics and drivers ES changes in mountainous regions. In this study, Nanling, most significant mountains southern China, was selected as a case study. Utilizing GlobeLand30 dataset, we employed InVEST, Geodetector MGWR identify spatio-temporal changes, investigate trade-offs synergies between ESs, examine relationship ESs landscape ecological risk index (LERI) provide new perspective management vulnerable mountain The results showed that carbon storage (CS) habitat quality (HQ) slightly decreased, while water yield (WY) increased slightly. Soil conservation (SC) significantly but total (TES) increased. All bundles demonstrated synergistic relationship, exhibited decreasing trend. study area were mainly affected by climate factors, anthropogenic factors also had impact on ESs. LERI negative correlation with provision high explanatory power especially CS, HQ TES, suggesting areas more stable patterns are likely harbor greater levels insights into analysis change areas, providing practical implications introducing driver change.

Language: Английский

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