Carbon–biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 5321 - 5333

Published: March 27, 2023

Carbon-focused climate mitigation strategies are becoming increasingly important in forests. However, with ongoing biodiversity declines we require better knowledge of how much such account for biodiversity. We particularly lack information across multiple trophic levels and on established forests, where the interplay between carbon stocks, stand age, tree diversity might influence carbon-biodiversity relationships. Using a large dataset (>4600 heterotrophic species 23 taxonomic groups) from secondary, subtropical tested multitrophic within groups relate to aboveground, belowground, total stocks at different richness age. Our study revealed that aboveground carbon, key component climate-based management, was largely unrelated diversity. By contrast, stocks-that is, including belowground carbon-emerged as significant predictor Relationships were nonlinear strongest lower levels, but nonsignificant higher level Tree age moderated these relationships, suggesting long-term regeneration forests may be effective reconciling targets. findings highlight benefits climate-oriented management need evaluated carefully, only maximizing fail conservation requirements.

Language: Английский

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Multitrophic biodiversity enhances ecosystem functions, services and ecological intensification in agriculture

Journal of Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract One central challenge for humanity is to mitigate and adapt an ongoing climate biodiversity crisis while providing resources a growing human population. Ecological intensification (EI) aims maximize crop productivity minimizing impacts on the environment, especially by using improve ecosystem functions services. Many EI measures are based trophic interactions between organisms (e.g. pollination, biocontrol). Here, we investigate how research multitrophic effects of functioning could advance application in agriculture forestry. We review previous studies use qualitative analyses literature test important variables such as land-use parameters or habitat complexity affect diversity, biodiversity–ecosystem relationships. found that positive prevalent production systems, largely across function dimensions, levels, study methodologies different functions, however, with certain context dependencies. also strong land management functions. detected knowledge gaps terms data from underrepresented geographical areas, organism groups functional diversity measurements. Additionally, identified several aspects require more attention future, trade-offs multiple temporal dynamics, change, spatial scale their implementation. This information will be vital ensure agricultural forest landscapes produce sustainably within environmental limits planet.

Language: Английский

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Plant diversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via multitrophic diversity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 2037 - 2047

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Canopy nitrogen deposition enhances soil ecosystem multifunctionality in a temperate forest

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Nitrogen (N) deposition affects ecosystem functions crucial to human health and well-being. However, the consequences of this scenario for soil multifunctionality (SMF) in forests are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a long-term field experiment temperate forest China, where N was simulated by adding above under canopies. We discover that canopy addition promotes SMF expression, whereas understory suppresses it. regulated fungal diversity treatments, which is largely due strong resistance acidification efficient resource utilization characteristics fungi. While bacterial diversity, mainly because resilience disturbances fast turnover bacteria. Furthermore, rare microbial taxa may play more important role maintenance SMF. This study provides first evidence enhanced enriches knowledge on affecting ecosystems. Given divergent results from two approaches, an innovative perspective diversity-multifunctionality relationships policy-making conservation sustainable management deposition. In future research, consideration processes essential realistic assessments effects atmospheric forests.

Language: Английский

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Tree Diversity Increases Carbon Stocks and Fluxes Above—But Not Belowground in a Tropical Forest Experiment

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT International commitments advocate large‐scale forest restoration as a nature‐based solution to climate change mitigation through carbon (C) sequestration. Mounting evidence suggests that mixed compared monospecific planted forests may sequester more C, exhibit lower susceptibility extremes and offer broader range of ecosystem services. However, experimental studies comprehensively examining the control tree diversity on multiple C stocks fluxes above‐ belowground are lacking. To address this gap, we leverage data from Sardinilla experiment in Panama, oldest tropical experiment, which features gradient one‐, two‐, three‐ five‐species mixtures native species. Over 16 years, measured fluxes, ranging aboveground over leaf litter production, soil organic (SOC). We show significantly increased with 57% higher gain monocultures (35.7 ± 1.8 vs. 22.8 3.4 Mg ha −1 ) years after planting. In contrast, observed net reduction SOC (on average −11.2 1.1 across levels) no significant difference 3 (the predominantly tree‐derived, i.e., plant‐derived fraction) between (13.0 0.9 15.1 1.3 ). Positive effects persisted despite repeated strengthened time for growth. Structural equation models showed growth enhanced coarse woody debris soil, resulting tightly linked cycle aboveground. did not observe links fluxes. Our study elucidates mechanisms bolsters potential restoration. Restoration schemes should prioritize forests.

Language: Английский

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Factors driving carbon accumulation in forest biomass and soil organic carbon across natural forests and planted forests in China

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Introduction Forests play a pivotal role within the global carbon cycle. However, how to enhance storage in existing forests remains unclear. Methods In this study, we conduct comprehensive analysis of data from 2,948 forest sites across China. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), investigate intricate relationship between climate, tree species diversity, stand structure, function traits, initial biomass stocks (BCi), soil organic (Soil C content), and accumulation (ΔBC) (ΔSOC) both natural (NF, n = 1,910) planted (PF, 1,038). Results Our findings underscore critical influence diversity structure drivers direct indirect accumulation, with distinct emerging based on pools NF PF. Specifically, increasing its minimum maximum value through management-results 14.798 tC/ha reduction BC 0.686 SOC NF. Conversely, amplifies PF by 0.338 0.065 tC/ha, respectively. Enhancing structure-such as density-results 231.727 NF, 10.668 64.008 increment Discussion Overall, our results indicate that higher density age-group limits further current contrast, low development potential forests. To sequestration capacity, China should change policy completely banning logging Natural need thinning reduced while increase density.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the carbon–biodiversity connection

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 5117 - 5119

Published: June 18, 2023

Ecosystem studies often consider the co-benefits of biodiversity and carbon sequestration, but these carbon-biodiversity links can be complex multifaceted. Recent findings in forest ecosystems emphasize importance looking beyond single trophic levels more visible, above-ground portions to full range relationships between all ecosystem components when evaluating sequestration potential. Simple engineered solutions storage based on monocultures that fail costs benefits may deceiving lead inappropriate management practices. Regenerating natural best enhance biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Near-surface remote sensing applications for a robust, climate-smart measurement, monitoring, and information system (MMIS)

Carbon Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

To reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) impact, the United States government plans GHG Measurement, Monitoring, and Information System (MMIS) activities to better quantify sources sinks in natural, forested, agricultural ecosystems. The national strategy discusses several areas where a robust MMIS can be strengthened by near-surface remote sensing (RS) technology—i.e. non-contact measurement of electromagnetic signals sensors mounted near ground, on towers, or drones. Here, we outline specific applications RS for an MMIS, using tools presently available offering guidance improvements needed expansion their applications. Near-surface help carbon stocks assessing vegetation structure function, it inform cross-scale understanding ecosystem processes properties. integration into will overcome some limitations uncertainties current cycle accounting methods project implementation. Development robust, standardized systems accomplished through transdisciplinary partnerships among agencies, academics, land managers, private sector. result hasten achievement objectives improved bottom-up top-down estimation accessibility standardization data measurements.

Language: Английский

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Functional Diversity Explains Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Subtropical Forests

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Carbon storage in subtropical forests results from multiple interacting factors, including biodiversity attributes—such as species diversity, functional traits, and stand structural diversity—and environmental conditions like climate, topography, soil characteristics. Biodiversity typically influences forest carbon through two primary mechanisms: niche complementarity (complementary utilization of resources among species) selection effects (dominance with specific traits). However, the relative importance these mechanisms involving under varying remains unclear. This study assessed diversity attributes within tree, shrub, herb layers across three types: coniferous, coniferous/broad‐leaved mixed, broad‐leaved forests. We quantified aboveground, belowground, total examined relationships between storage, impact factors on relationships. Our findings showed that were more conducive to creating storage. In forests, belowground carbon, a major component was most affected by followed diversity. Functional strongly exerted aboveground stocks, trait composition factors. Environmental directly also indirectly influenced it plant attributes. Notably, layer exhibited significant linear correlation indicate contribute fixation, being predominant. Based findings, we recommend afforestation policies prioritize enhancing tree improve sequestration, evergreen represent zonal climax vegetation, while acknowledging understory vegetation. Thus, context global climate change, is imperative thoroughly evaluate sequestration ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between deadwood structural diversity and carbon stock along environmental and disturbance gradients in Tropical dry forests

Folia oecologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Deadwood is a substantial component of forest ecosystems playing vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and functioning. However, there limited information on deadwood stand structure which encompasses attributes such as type, quantities distribution pieces how it related to its biomass. This study examined the relationship between species structural diversity carbon stock along different environmental disturbance factors woodland ecosystems. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was used identify communities, followed by indicator done determine significantly associated with each community. Species richness, evenness Shannon-Wiener index were calculated both Multimodel inference approach analyse indices, soil properties, climate proximity roads settlements. Three communities identified from while four woodland. found positive significant abundance, diversity, moisture These findings provide insights into conservation strategies that prioritize protection restoration reservois.

Language: Английский

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