Response and sensitivity of urban plants with different seed dispersal modes

Nature Cities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Disequilibrium in plant distributions: Challenges and approaches for species distribution models

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract Environmental conditions are dynamic, and plants respond to those dynamics on multiple time scales. Disequilibrium occurs when a response more slowly than the driving environmental changes. We review evidence regarding disequilibrium in plant distributions, including their responses paleoclimate changes, recent climate change new species introductions. There is strong that distributions often some with conditions. This poses challenge projecting future using distribution models (SDMs). Classically, SDMs assume set of occurrences an unbiased sample suitable However, environment may have higher‐than‐expected occurrence probabilities (e.g. due extinction debts) or lower‐than‐expected dispersal limitation) different areas. If unaccounted for, this will lead biased estimates suitability. methods for avoiding such biases SDMs, ranging from simple thinning dataset complex dynamic process‐based models. Such require large data inputs, natural history knowledge technical expertise, so implementing them can be challenging. Despite this, we advocate increased use, since provide best potential account model training then represent occupancy as ranges shift. Synthesis . Occurrence records climate. trained produce species' niche unless addressed modelling. A range tools, spanning wide gradient complexity realism, resolve bias.

Language: Английский

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Combining Hierarchical Distribution Models With Dispersal Simulations to Predict the Spread of Invasive Plant Species

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Predicting the future distribution of invasive species is a current challenge for biodiversity assessment. Species models (SDMs) have long been state‐of‐the‐art to evaluate suitable areas new invasions, but they may be limited by truncated niches and uncertainties dispersal. Here, we developed framework based on hierarchical SDMs dispersal simulations predict spread at ecoregion level. Location Cantabrian Mixed Forests Ecoregion (SW Europe) with global data. Time Period 1950–2063. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods We used occurrence data from 102 fit machine‐learning algorithms simulate combined habitat suitability species' climatic together regional including local variables (topography, landscape features, human activity, soil properties) in approach. Then, simulated across over next 40 years, considering limitations climate change. Results Global retained strong contribution models, followed factors such as population density, sand content pH. In general, highest was predicted warm humid climates close coastline urbanised areas. The inclusion abilities identified different trajectories geographic individual species, predicting hotspots invasion. predictions were more dependent rather than warming scenarios. Main Conclusions This study provides comprehensive species. While modelling combines non‐truncated drivers integration allows us anticipate invasibility can useful assess pools biogeographical regions.

Language: Английский

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High levels of seed dispersal by a declining wintering population of migratory geese

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Abstract Ducks are known to be important seed dispersers, but the role of geese in plant dispersal is less clear. Wintering populations migratory undergoing rapid changes distribution and habitat use response climate change land use, implications for have not previously been studied. At southern end Eurasian goose flyways, numbers declining through short‐stopping. The Doñana wetlands, or ‘marismas del Guadalquivir’, south‐west Spain were formerly Europe's most wintering grounds greylag Anser anser. There, we collected 151 faecal samples compare by endozoochory early late winter natural marshes ricefields. We also tested germinability simulated potential distances assess importance this decreasing population dry‐fruited plants assumed rely on abiotic over short distances. retrieved 1196 intact seeds belonging 24 different taxa, including eight species reported from waterfowl (Anatidae) vectors. Seeds present 47% samples, with a peak 90% November, compared only 27% ricefields at same time, marsh site February. Seed abundance richness per sample significantly higher than winter, artificial wetlands. Major differences composition between sampling sites partly related moisture requirements individual species. Germinability aquatic was when gut passage followed cold storage 2 months prior germination tests. events our using GPS tracking three geese. This suggested that can dispersed up 25 km during daily movements, median 0.2–5 km, depending site. frequent syndrome assigned barochory (gravity), disperse much farther mechanisms predicted their syndromes. Geese likely an connectivity within beyond Mediterranean providing ecosystem service which threatened behaviour. Our results highlight studying interactions involving waterbirds current context loss shifts, as many crucial may disappearing even before they discovered.

Language: Английский

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Response of vulnerable karst forest ecosystems under different fire severities in the Northern Dinaric Karst mountains (Slovenia)

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Background This study deals with wildfires in marginal areas of the Mediterranean climatic and biogeographical regions (Northern Mediterranean) where fires were not common. The aim research was to determine differences floristic composition traits at different intensities fire damage analyze changes forest ecosystems during that took place summer 2022. included both zonal forests non-native black pine ( Pinus nigra ) forests. Remote sensing techniques linked vegetation data sampled field 2023 season, very first season after fires, also used assessment. Results confirmed satellite analysis, orthophoto interpretation, on-site sampling provide equivalent information on severity, opening up possibility transferring knowledge similar post-fire sites without future. TWINSPAN classification analysis divided plots into clusters based tree species prevalence severity. diagnostic calculated using a fidelity measure. Ordination revealed axis detrended correspondence (DCA) correlated wildfire Ecological conditions strategies, life forms, chorotypes, seed dispersal classes, regeneration analyzed along this gradient. We found became warmer, drier, lighter, which favored growth ruderal, theropytic, cosmopolitan, anemochorous emergent species. After fire, “wave” annual ruderal observed. Conclusions results indicate recovery can be left natural processes human intervention, except case stands planting or seeding may necessary. Otherwise, it is essential control possible occurrence invasive Isolated adaptations have been observed, such as heat-stimulated germination. Such could develop exposed frequent act an evolutionary factor.

Language: Английский

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Invasive Buttonweed Cotula coronopifolia (Asteraceae) Is Halotolerant and Has High Potential for Dispersal by Endozoochory

Published: May 17, 2024

Buttonweed (Cotula coronopifolia) is native to South Africa but invasive in wetlands Europe, North America, and Australasia, where it excludes plants. Despite being dry-fruited, field studies suggest migratory waterbirds can disperse its seeds via gut passage (endozoochory), aiding expansion. To explore the potential for endozoochory different regions habitats, we collected from six populations Spain, Sweden, UK. Germination was tested under salinity levels (0, 5, 10, 15 g/L) simulated treatments: scarification, acidification, or both. No germination occurred at g/L. Higher reduced delayed germination, full treatment increased germinability accelerated germination. Scarification acid alone resulted intermediate patterns. There were significant x population interactions on germinability. The acceleration effect of stronger 5-10 g/L than 0 This study highlights how birds facilitate spread alien plants introduced by humans. Non-classical an understudied mechanism long-distance dispersal dry-fruited Further research C. coronopifolia, including genetics, necessary understand mechanisms management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Biogeographic climate sensitivity controls Earth system response to large igneous province carbon degassing

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6709), P. 661 - 666

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Periods of large igneous province (LIP) magmatism have shaped Earth's biological and climatic history, causing major shifts reorganizations. The vegetation response to LIP-induced perturbations may affect the efficiency carbon-climate regulation system post-LIP climate evolution. Using an eco-evolutionary model, we demonstrate here that vegetation's adaptation capacity, through evolution geographic dispersal, is a determinant severity longevity hyperthermals can promote emergence new steady state. Proxy-based temperature reconstructions Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, Paleocene-Eocene match modeled trajectories bioclimatic disturbance recovery. We conclude dynamics shape multimillion-year Earth sudden carbon degassing global warming episodes.

Language: Английский

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Topographic complexity drives trait composition as well as functional and phylogenetic diversity of understory plant communities in microrefugia: new insights for conservation

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100278 - 100278

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Stronger latitudinal phylogenetic patterns in woody angiosperm assemblages with higher dispersal abilities in China

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 269 - 279

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Abstract Aim The equator‐to‐poles decline in the number of species, namely latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), is most conspicuous pattern biology, yet underlying mechanisms this remain controversial. Species dispersal could have strong effects on large‐scale species distributions but has rarely been considered understanding LDG. Here we sought to examine how ability may influence phylogenetic patterns woody angiosperm assemblages. Location China. Taxon Woody angiosperms. Methods Based a highly supported mega‐phylogeny constructed from plastid genomes, assessed relatedness and dissimilarity 1184 trees with three different seed modes (i.e. zoochory, anemochory autochory) 12 permanent forest dynamic plots covering tropical, subtropical temperate zones Results We found that, compared zoochorous anemochorous less vagile autochorous exhibited much weaker higher among plots. was explained more by geographic distance than environmental factors, consistent dominant role for limitation. Main Conclusions Our study, first time, demonstrates that mode strongly influences assemblages China highlights importance interaction between limitation filtering determining distribution biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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The dispersal potential of endangered plants versus non‐native garden escapees

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Amidst climate change, enhancing plant dispersal pathways is crucial for adapting ecosystems and preserving biodiversity. In our human‐dominated landscapes, urban rural green spaces, especially gardens, are promising conduits dispersal. Non‐native plants known to benefit from these yet the potential benefits at‐risk native remain unclear. Here, I synthesized data on traits, comparing endangered with non‐endangered non‐native species in Germany. To make my analysis pertinent understanding role of gardens aiding plants, further contrasted ecology garden‐friendly escape gardens. analysed several traits including seed weight, terminal velocity, distance, germination rate, mode, structures seedbank type. Overall, between showed minor, but some cases statistically significant differences. Endangered were more often wind‐dispersed frequently had appendages conducive a wider range vectors. Conversely, leaned towards non‐assisted local dispersal, heavier seeds persistent banks. Other largely consistent across groups. This research shows that possess similar species, which spread spaces like Thus, integrating flora into could help promote an essential aspect survival:

Language: Английский

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