The Impact of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota and Its Beneficial Effects to Host: A Review

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 116942 - 116942

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Inflammation: the incubator of the tumor microenvironment

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 901 - 914

Published: July 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 25, 2020

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves substrate for the GI plays significant role in defining composition metabolism microbiome. microbiome, turn, facilitates host's nutrient digestion production postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence Consequently, owners have shaping through food they choose provide. Yet, clear understanding impact these choices on thus overall health pet, lacking. Pet foods formulated contain typical nutritional building blocks carbohydrates, proteins, fats, but include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such prebiotics probiotics. Each categories, well their relative proportions food, affect and/or function Accumulating evidence suggests dietary components may not only disease, also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, kidney disease changes Until recently, focus research was characterize alterations states, while less effort has been devoted how nutrition by modifying function. This review summarizes examines impacting host variety states. Understanding modulate reveal new avenues enhancing resilience dogs.

Language: Английский

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The contribution of gut bacterial metabolites in the human immune signaling pathway of non-communicable diseases

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The interaction disorder between gut microbiota and its host has been documented in different non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease. majority of these altered interactions arise through cross-talk immune system, inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes all NCDs. In this review, we discuss the contribution bacterial metabolites to signaling pathways involved We then review recent advances aid rationally design microbial therapeutics. A deeper understanding intersections metabolism using metabolomics-based system biology platform promises reveal fundamental mechanisms drive predispositions disease suggest new avenues use therapeutic opportunities for NCDs treatment prevention.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Modulate CD8 T Cell Responses to Influence Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 107471 - 107471

Published: April 1, 2020

There is increasing evidence that gut microbiome perturbations, also known as dysbiosis, can influence colorectal cancer development. To understand the mechanisms by which modulates susceptibility, we examine two wild-type mouse colonies with distinct microbial communities develop significantly different tumor numbers using a model of inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. We demonstrate adaptive immune cells contribute to susceptibilities associated communities. Mice more tumors have increased colon lamina propria CD8+ IFNγ+ T before tumorigenesis but reduced in and adjacent tissues compared mice fewer tumors. Notably, intratumoral exhibit exhaustion. Thus, these studies suggest dysbiosis susceptibility hyperstimulating CD8 promote chronic inflammation early cell exhaustion, reduce anti-tumor immunity.

Language: Английский

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Biological Function of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Its Regulation on Intestinal Health of Poultry

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites generated by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber (DF) in the hindgut. SCFAs mainly composed acetate, propionate and butyrate. Many studies have shown that play a significant role regulation intestinal health poultry. primarily absorbed from intestine used enterocytes as key substrate for energy production. can also inhibit invasion colonization pathogens lowering pH. Additionally, butyrate inhibits expression nitric oxide synthase (

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary components on intestinal permeability in health and disease

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 319(5), P. G589 - G608

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Altered intestinal permeability plays a role in many pathological conditions. Intestinal is component of the barrier. This barrier dynamic interface between body and food pathogens that enter gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, dietary components can directly affect this interface, metabolites produced by host enzymes or gut microbiota act as signaling molecules exert direct effects on Our aim was to examine diet health disease states. Herein, we conducted an in-depth PubMed search based specific key words (diet, permeability, barrier, health, disease, disorder), well cross references from those articles. The normal consists multiple lumen, epithelial cell layer lamina propria. Diverse methods are available measure permeability. We focus predominantly human vivo studies, literature reviewed identify factors decrease (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants, alcohol) increase fiber, short-chain fatty acids, glutamine, vitamin D) integrity. Effects these items states, such metabolic syndrome, liver colitis documented examples dysfunction multifactorial diseases. function associated with precise mechanisms some instances; further research has potential clarify interventions treating diverse pathologic

Language: Английский

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Complex regulatory effects of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids on immune tolerance and autoimmunity

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 341 - 350

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Dietary Fiber Pectin: Health Benefits and Potential for the Treatment of Allergies by Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(10)

Published: Sept. 10, 2021

Abstract Purpose of Review The incidence allergies is increasing and has been associated with several environmental factors including westernized diets. Changes in environment nutrition can result dysbiosis the skin, gut, lung microbiota altering production microbial metabolites, which may turn generate epigenetic modifications. present review addresses studies on pectin-mediated effects allergies, immune modulating mechanisms by bacterial metabolites. Recent Findings Recently, have gained attention as target for allergy intervention, especially prebiotics, that are able to stimulate growth activity certain microorganisms. Dietary fibers, cannot be digested gastrointestinal tract, alter gut lead increased local systemic concentrations - derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These promote generation peripheral regulatory T cells (T reg ) modulation suppress inflammatory function dendritic (DCs) transcriptional modulation. dietary fiber pectin (a plant-derived polysaccharide commonly used gelling agent supplement) ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes microbiota, SCFAs feces sera, reducing development airway inflammation suppressing DC function. Summary Pectin shown immunomodulatory although underlying still need elucidated. It suggested different types exert direct and/or indirect through mechanisms. However, little known about relation structures allergies.

Language: Английский

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Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Recent Advances and Future Directions

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1106 - 1106

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

The use of immunotherapy in the treatment advanced and high-risk melanoma has led to a striking improvement outcomes. Although incidence continued rise, median survival improved from approximately 6 months nearly years for patients with inoperable stage IV disease. Recent understanding tumor microenvironment its interplay immune system explosive development novel treatments. Since approval therapeutic cytokines interleukin-2 interferon alfa-2 1990s, checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic virus therapy, modulators have given way new era treatment. Monoclonal antibodies directed at programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1) ligand (PDL-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) provided robust activation adaptive system, restoring surveillance leading host recognition destruction. Multiple other immunomodulatory therapeutics are under investigation overcome resistance ICI including toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) 7/8 (TLR-7/8) agonists, stimulator genes (STING) fecal microbiota transplantation. In this review, we focus on recent advances provide an update therapies currently investigation.

Language: Английский

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