Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the Treatment of Enteric Infections

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 7136 - 7136

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Antibiotics played an important role in controlling the development of enteric infection. However, emergence antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis led to a growing interest use natural antimicrobial agents as alternatives for therapy disinfection. Chitosan is nontoxic polymer approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized Safe United States Food Drug Administration). chitosan derivatives can kill microbes neutralizing negative charges on microbial surface. Besides, chemical modifications give better water solubility property. This review gives overview preparation chitosan, its derivatives, conjugates with other polymers nanoparticles properties, explains direct indirect mechanisms action summarizes current treatment infections well infections. Finally, we suggested future directions further research improve develop more useful conjugates.

Language: Английский

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Genomic characterization of biliary tract cancers identifies driver genes and predisposing mutations

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(5), P. 959 - 969

Published: Jan. 31, 2018

Highlights•Biliary tract cancers are clinically and genetically heterogeneous.•32 significantly mutated genes were identified, some negatively affecting prognosis.•A novel deletion of MUC17 at 7q22.1 was detected.•Cell-of-origin predictions suggest hepatocyte-origin hepatitis-related ICCs.•Deleterious germline mutations cancer-predisposing detected in 11% patients with BTC.Graphical abstractAbstractBackground & AimsBiliary (BTCs) pathologically heterogeneous respond poorly to treatment. Genomic profiling can offer a clearer understanding their carcinogenesis, classification treatment strategy. We performed large-scale genome sequencing analyses on BTCs investigate somatic driver events characterize genomic landscape.MethodsWe analyzed 412 BTC samples from Japanese Italian populations, 107 by whole-exome (WES), 39 whole-genome (WGS), further 266 targeted sequencing. The subtypes 136 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs), 101 distal (DCCs), 109 peri-hilar type (PHCs), 66 gallbladder or cystic duct (GBCs/CDCs). identified alterations searched for BTCs, finding pathogenic variants genes. predicted cell-of-origin combining mutation patterns epigenetic features.ResultsWe 32 commonly including TP53, KRAS, SMAD4, NF1, ARID1A, PBRM1, ATR, which affected patient prognosis. A Cell-of-origin using WGS features ICCs. Deleterious such as BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51D, MLH1, MSH2 (16/146) patients.ConclusionsBTCs have distinct genetic predisposition. These findings could be useful establish diagnostic strategies based information.Lay summaryWe here populations. total prognosis, 7q22.1. BTC.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal Prevalence and Interactions with the Epithelium Indicate Commensalism of Sutterella spp.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Oct. 26, 2016

Sutterella species have been frequently associated with human diseases, such as autism, Down syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the impact of these bacteria on health still remains unclear. Especially interactions spp. host are largely unknown, despite being highly prevalent. In this study, we addressed interaction three known intestinal epithelium examined their adhesion properties, effect barrier function pro-inflammatory capacity in vitro. We also studied relative abundance prevalence genus wadsworthensis biopsies healthy individuals patients celiac (CeD) or IBD. Our results show that abundant duodenum adults a decreasing gradient toward colon. No difference was detected between pediatric IBD CeD controls. parvirubra adhered better than two other to differentiated Caco-2 cells capable adherence S. wadsworthensis, which preferably bound mucus extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, only induced an interleukin-8 production enterocytes, could be due different lipopolysaccharide structures species. However, its activity modest compared non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. had no enterocyte monolayer integrity findings indicate members widely prevalent commensals mild gastrointestinal tract do not contribute significantly disrupted epithelial homeostasis microbiota dysbiosis increase Proteobacteria. The ability adhere they may immunomodulatory role.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics and the gut microbiome: How chronically exposed species may suffer from gut dysbiosis

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 193 - 203

Published: April 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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Goblet cells: multifaceted players in immunity at mucosal surfaces

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1551 - 1557

Published: June 4, 2018

Language: Английский

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